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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
| FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005 |
OR
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
| FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO |
Commission File Number 000-27701
HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Tennessee (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
62-1443555 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
|
| 209 10th Avenue South, Suite 450 Nashville, Tennessee (Address of principal executive offices) |
37203 (Zip Code) |
(615) 301-3100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant To Section 12(b) Of The Act:
None
None
Securities Registered Pursuant To Section 12(g) Of The Act:
Common Stock, No Par Value
Common Stock, No Par Value
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule
405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of
15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer,
or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the Common Stock issued and outstanding and held by non-affiliates of
the Registrant, based upon the closing sales price for the Common Stock on the NASDAQ National
Market on June 30, 2005 was $59,410,428. All executive officers and directors of the registrant
have been deemed, solely for the purpose of the foregoing calculation, to be “affiliates” of the
registrant.
As of March 15, 2006, there were 21,587,532 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.
HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
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PART I
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements include, among others, those
statements including the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes,” “may,” “will,”
“should,” “continue” and similar language or the negative of such terms or other comparable
terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements
are reasonable, HealthStream’s actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but
are not limited to, those discussed in the section “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this document.
In addition, factors that we are not currently aware of could harm our future operating results.
You should carefully review the risks described in other documents HealthStream files from time to
time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on
forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
HealthStream undertakes no obligation to publicly release any revisions to the forward-looking
statements or reflect events or circumstances after the date of this document.
Item 1. Business
OVERVIEW AND HISTORY
HealthStream, Inc. (“HealthStream” or the “Company”) provides Internet-based solutions and services
to meet the training, information and education needs of the healthcare industry. Our learning
products and services are used by healthcare organizations to meet a broad range of their training
needs, including training and assessment. Focused primarily on healthcare organizations (HCO) and
pharmaceutical and medical device companies (PMD), HealthStream’s customers are comprised of over
1,200 healthcare organizations (predominately acute-care facilities) throughout the United States
and include relationships with some of the top medical device and pharmaceutical companies.
The Company’s flagship product is the “HealthStream Learning Center™,” (HLC) our proprietary,
Internet-based learning platform, which at December 31, 2005 had approximately 1,272,000 contracted
hospital-based subscribers. During 2005, we expanded our product and service offerings. We
introduced an enhanced authoring product which includes ADAMTM content and images and
launched HealthStream ConnectTM, a platform extension that allows us to provide our
courseware offerings to healthcare organizations that utilize other vendors’ learning management
platforms. In March 2005, we acquired Data Management & Research, Inc. (DMR) which expands our
product offerings to healthcare organizations to include quality and satisfaction surveys, data
analyses of survey results, and other research-based measurement tools focused on physicians,
patients, and employees. Services provided to and on behalf of pharmaceutical and medical device
companies are focused on the development and delivery of education initiatives to reach
hospital-based healthcare professionals and sales representatives. Our products and services
include live and online education and training activities as well as medical device training within
hospitals through our HospitalDirect® platform. Pharmaceutical and medical device
companies provide commercial support for some of our continuing education activities.
Headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee, the Company was incorporated in 1990 and began marketing its
Internet-based solutions in March 1999. Including satellite offices in Denver, Colorado and
Franklin, Tennessee, HealthStream has 160 employees. From an initial focus on technology-based
training, HealthStream has evolved to provide full-service delivery of training, information and
education for healthcare organizations, and with the recent acquisition of DMR, we are positioned
to enhance our ability to improve the quality of healthcare by improving the quality of healthcare
education. The Company completed its initial public offering (IPO) in April of 2000.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
According to the deputy director of the National Health Statistics Group at the Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), spending in the healthcare industry reached approximately
$1.9 trillion in 2004, or 16.0 percent of the gross domestic product. Hospital care expenditures
accounted for approximately 30 percent of the $1.9 trillion industry. Approximately 10.4 million
professionals are employed in the healthcare segment of the domestic economy, with more than 5.0
million employed in hospitals, our target market for the HealthStream Learning Center™,
HealthStreamDirect™, and HealthStream’s survey and research products.
The five million hospital-based healthcare professionals that work in the nation’s approximately
5,000 acute-care hospitals are each required by federal mandates and accrediting bodies to complete
training in a number of areas. This training includes safety training mandated by both the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), as well as training on patient information confidentiality
required under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
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In hospitals, staffing issues and personnel shortages have also contributed to the need for
enhanced workforce development as well as additional competency based training. The American
College of Healthcare Executives reported in October 2004 that 72% of hospital CEO’s were
experiencing nursing shortages at their facilities. According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(February 2004) Monthly Labor Review, more than one million new and replacement nurses will be
needed by 2012. For the first time, the U.S. Department of Labor has identified Registered Nursing
as the top occupation in terms of job growth through the year 2012. We believe that offering
training and education for hospital personnel is increasingly being utilized as a retention and
recruitment incentive.
Many healthcare professionals use continuing education to keep abreast of the latest developments
and meet licensing, certification, and credentialing requirements. Continuing education
requirements include continuing education for nurses, emergency medical services personnel, first
responder personnel, radiologic personnel and physicians. Pharmaceutical and medical device
companies must also provide their medical industry sales representatives with training mandated for
the healthcare industry and training for new products. They also provide support for education and
training for those audiences that use their products in healthcare organizations.
Finally, the hospital industry continues to operate under intense pressure to reduce costs as a
result of reductions in government reimbursement rates and increased focus on cost containment
consistent with participation of patients in managed care programs. In addition, hospitals, as well
as pharmaceutical and medical device companies, continue to experience rising operating costs,
coupled with increased pressure to measure and report on the outcomes of the dollars spent on
training. Our products and services are designed to meet these needs by reducing healthcare
organizations’ costs of training while improving learning outcomes, enhancing reporting
capabilities, and supporting customers’ business objectives.
HEALTHSTREAM’S SOLUTIONS
Services to healthcare organizations
HealthStream’s solutions help healthcare organizations meet their ongoing training, education,
information, and compliance needs. We bring training and education content together with
administrative and management tools through our Internet-based platform, the HealthStream Learning
Center™ (HLC) and HealthStream Express®. This combination supports healthcare
administrators in configuring training to meet the precise needs of different groups of employees,
modifying training materials, and documenting that training has been completed. At December 31,
2005, 1,272,000 healthcare professionals had contracted subscriptions for our services. Pricing for
the HLC is subscription based, with fees based on the number of subscribers, courseware provided
and other factors. We offer training, implementation and account management services to facilitate
integration of this technology product into our customer’s operating environments. Fees for
training are based on the time and efforts of the personnel involved.
Our online courseware is hosted in a central data center that allows subscribers Internet access to
HLC services, thereby eliminating the need for onsite local implementations of installed learning
management products. As a result, a significant number of our customers that historically used our
installed learning management products have transitioned to our Internet-based platform. Our
installed learning management software contracts historically consisted of an upfront license fee,
additional courseware sales, and ongoing maintenance and support. Although we no longer actively
sell our installed learning management products, we continue to provide these customers ongoing
maintenance and support, product updates, and are developing technology to provide them with
additional courseware access capabilities.
On March 28, 2005 we acquired DMR, which supplements our product and service offerings to include
quality and satisfaction surveys, data analyses of survey results and other research-based
measurement tools. This acquisition expands our product offerings to support our healthcare
organization customers in their efforts to become safer, more effective organizations by training
and developing their staff. The DMR product team provides services to healthcare organizations,
primarily focused on the delivery of physician, patient, and employee satisfaction survey’s. As a
result of this acquisition we maintain an office in Franklin, Tennessee.
Along with the Internet-based HLC, we also offer healthcare organizations full-service capabilities
to convert existing course material, self-author new materials, and electively share these
materials with other HealthStream customers through a courseware exchange. We also offer an
industry leading image library, owned by A.D.A.M., Inc., as an additional subscription to this
product. Pricing for these products is subscription based, with fees based on the number of
subscribers and a separate fee for development licenses.
We also offer our customers tools to assess competency and manage performance. Competency
assessment is a requirement of hospitals and healthcare organizations for maintaining
accreditation, based on JCAHO requirements to evaluate, document, and report performance
competencies. Our tools provide an effective means of determining which competencies are associated
with each position and evaluating and documenting competency assessments. This tool set is intended
to facilitate a custom training program
of courses available through the HLC that uniquely responds to the needs identified for each
employee.
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Our strategy is to continue to grow our customer base of approximately 1,272,000 contracted
subscribers using the Internet-based HLC, as well as providing our customers with industry leading
courseware offerings that align with healthcare quality initiatives. We will continue to transition
our installed learning management product customers to our Internet-based HLC platform. We also
believe that the acquisition of DMR’s survey business provides us a product offering that supports
our healthcare organization customers in their efforts to train and develop their staff. We believe
our sales force and market conditions offer us the opportunity to continue to grow our
hospital-based customer base.
Services to pharmaceutical and medical device companies
Our services to pharmaceutical companies and medical device companies are focused on development,
management and distribution of education activities for three audiences: provider-based healthcare
professionals, physicians and the companies’ own sales representatives. We develop, manage and
distribute live, online and print education and training activities for provider-based healthcare
professionals and physicians, as well as online education and training activities for sales
representatives. Certain of the education activities we develop and distribute provide continuing
education credit for learners completing them. Live education and training activities include live
single or multi-day workshops, preceptorships and proctorships, and activities presented in
hospitals by sales representatives. Online education and training activities include courseware
containing video, animations and simulations and live web meetings. Print education and training
activities include study guides. All of these activities are supported by either pharmaceutical or
medical device companies.
Pricing for all services are based on the scope of the activity, and is attributed to several
categories of services including: activity design and development, accreditation, marketing,
faculty, meeting, maintenance and distribution, project management, and replication and
fulfillment. Not all categories of services apply to all activities. The most significant
exceptions to this pricing approach are distribution and management fees which are based on the
number of facilities or users reached and fees for certain courseware for sales representatives,
which is priced on a per user basis. Fees for non-accredited activities are paid by pharmaceutical
and medical device companies as ordinary service fees. Fees for accredited activities are paid in
the form of unrestricted educational grants.
Our services for pharmaceutical and medical device companies are coordinated by our project
management and clinical education personnel. We employ a team of project managers and clinical
education managers and outsource most other services to third-party individuals and companies. The
most significant exceptions to our outsourcing approach are the distribution and management of
activities, particularly online activities that take advantage of our network. Project managers
control all aspects of the development of activities and manage third-party resources used on their
projects. Clinical education managers control all aspects of the content of accredited activities.
Our strategy includes expanding our revenues by further developing customer relationships and by
leveraging our existing base of Internet-based HLC customers for deployment of pharmaceutical and
medical device training and education through both existing products as well as development of new
products. In addition, we seek to grow our pharmaceutical and medical device business by
transitioning many of our service offerings to Internet-based products and reducing our focus on
project-based development services.
BUSINESS COMBINATION
We acquired DMR in March 2005. For additional information regarding this acquisition, please see
Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this report.
CUSTOMERS
We provide our training, information and education solutions to customers across a broad range of
entities within the healthcare industry, including healthcare organizations (including government
entities) and pharmaceutical and medical device companies. We derived approximately 14% and 15% of
net revenue from HCA, Inc. during 2005 and 2004, respectively. During both 2005 and 2004, no other
customers represented more than 10% of our net revenue. The following is a partial list of
customers that have purchased or contracted for products and services from HealthStream.
| Healthcare Organizations | Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Companies | |
HCA Inc.
|
Guidant Corporation | |
Tenet Healthcare Corporation
|
Merck & Co, Inc. | |
Community Health Systems, Inc.
|
Zimmer, Inc. | |
Triad Hospitals, Inc.
|
||
LifePoint Hospitals, Inc. |
||
Ardent Health Services, LLC |
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SALES, MARKETING, AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We market our products and services primarily through our direct sales force and our account
relationship managers. As of December 31, 2005, our sales and relationship management personnel
consisted of approximately 38 employees based at our corporate headquarters in Nashville, Tennessee
and in our satellite offices located in Franklin, Tennessee and Denver, Colorado, as well as remote
home office sales locations. Our geographically dispersed field sales organization is divided into
teams focused on our hospital audience and our pharmaceutical and medical device audience. In
addition to sales professionals, we also employ account relationship managers who work to develop
and expand relationships, including contract renewals, with our hospital customers, and clinical
education managers who are responsible for services associated with pharmaceutical and medical
device customers.
We conduct a variety of marketing programs to promote our products and services, including product
catalogs, user groups and trade shows, online promotion and demonstrations, telemarketing
campaigns, public relations, distribution of product specific literature, direct mail and
advertising. Annually, we host a national users’ group in Nashville known as “The Summit.” We have
an in-house marketing team that is responsible for these initiatives and for working with, and
supporting, our product managers and sales force. We also have an in-house research team focused on
ensuring that our sales professionals have appropriate market and target information.
We believe our ability to establish and maintain long-term customer relationships, adoption of our
products and services and recurring sales are dependent on the strength of our customer service,
operations and support team. Our customer service, operations and support team consists of
approximately 37 employees located in our corporate headquarters in Nashville as well as our
Franklin, Tennessee office. This team provides customer support to end users through a toll-free
telephone line as well as electronic mail. Our representatives are trained to understand our
philosophy, our products and services, and our specific sales, marketing and support issues. This
team also maintains an ongoing dialog with our customer base to ensure a complete understanding of
customer needs. These personnel also assist with ongoing issues and training associated with our
products as well as to ensure anticipated renewals and incremental sales are achieved. The
remaining personnel on this team are responsible for training, implementation and support of HLC,
HealthStream Express®, our survey business, and installed learning management
customers.
TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
Our services are designed to be secure, reliable, and expandable. Our software is a combination of
proprietary and commercially-available software and operating systems. This combination of software
supports acquisition and conversion of content, hosting and management of that content, publication
of our Web sites, downloads of courseware, registration, tracking of users, and reporting of
information for both internal and external use. We designed our services to allow each component
to be independently scaled by adding commercially-available hardware and a combination of
commercially-available and proprietary software components.
Our network infrastructure, Web sites, and servers that deliver most of our services are hosted by
third party providers. Our primary data center and hosting facility is in Chicago, while a second
data center and hosting facility is located in Nashville (with a second vendor). We are not
currently serving customers out of the second hosting facility, but we continue to work to
configure this location as a disaster recovery facility. Both providers maintain our equipment in a
secure environment, including multiple redundancies in power sources and network connections. Our
providers’ hosting centers are connected to the Internet through multiple, redundant high-speed
fiber optic circuits. Our survey results are hosted on servers located at our Franklin, Tennessee
office. Company personnel monitor all servers, networks, and systems on a continuous basis.
Together with our providers, we employ several levels of enterprise firewall systems to protect our
databases, customer information, and courseware library. Backups of customer data are performed on
a daily basis. Data is secured at a remote location on a weekly basis.
COMPETITION
The healthcare education industry is highly fragmented, varies significantly in delivery methods
(i.e., written materials, live events, satellite broadcasts, video, CD-ROM products and online
products), and is composed of a wide variety of entities competing for customers. The sheer volume
of healthcare information available to satisfy continuing education needs, rapid advances in
medical developments, and the time constraints that healthcare professionals face make it difficult
to quickly and efficiently access the continuing education content most relevant to an individual’s
practice or profession. Historically, healthcare professionals have received continuing education
and training through offline publications, such as medical journals and CD-ROMs, and by attending
conferences and seminars. In addition, other healthcare workers and pharmaceutical and medical
device manufacturers’ sales and internal regulatory personnel usually fulfill their education and
training needs through instructor-led programs from external vendors
or internal training departments. While these approaches satisfy the ongoing education and training
requirements, they are typically costly and inconvenient. In addition, live courses are often
limited in the breadth of offerings and do not provide a method for tracking training completion.
The related results of these traditional methods, both from a business and compliance standpoint,
are difficult to track and measure.
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In addition to the competing delivery methods described above, we also have direct competitors. A
number of companies offer competitive installed and Web based learning management products to the
healthcare industry. We also compete with large scale learning management system providers such as
SABA and SumTotal Systems that provide their services to multiple industries, including healthcare.
We also compete with large medical publishers that have operating units that offer learning
management systems that focus on healthcare, including Thomson Delmar Net Learning and Reed
Elsevier MC Strategies. In the survey business, we see competition from Press Ganey and Gallup.
Finally, over the past year we have also seen an increase in a teaming approach between consulting
and technology entities to address larger scale projects.
We believe our solutions, which include both products and services that facilitate training for
healthcare professionals, a wide assortment of courseware, a mechanism for measuring satisfaction
or other results, and the ability to provide all our services on a single platform over the
Internet, provide us with a competitive advantage. We believe that the principal competitive
factors affecting the marketing of information, training and development services to the healthcare
industry include:
| • | features of the HLC product, including reporting, management functionality, courseware assignment, scalability, and the ability to track utilization and results; | ||
| • | scope and variety of Internet-based learning courseware available, including mandated content for OSHA, JCAHO, patient safety, and HIPAA requirements, competency-based content, as well as the ability of our customers to create and host their own Web-enabled courseware; | ||
| • | scope and quality of professional services offered, including survey execution, implementation, training and the expertise and technical knowledge of the customers’ employees; | ||
| • | competitive pricing, which supports a return on investment when compared to other alternative delivery methods; | ||
| • | customer service and support; and | ||
| • | effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts, and company reputation. |
Collectively, we believe these capabilities provide us with the ability to improve the quality of
healthcare by improving the quality and accessibility of healthcare training.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE INTERNET AND THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
The Internet
The laws and regulations that govern our business change rapidly. The United States government and
the governments of some states and foreign countries have attempted to regulate activities on the
Internet. The following are some of the evolving areas of law that are relevant to our business:
| • | Privacy Law. Current and proposed federal, state and foreign privacy regulations and other laws restricting the collection, use, confidentiality and disclosure of personal information could limit our ability to collect information or use the information in our databases or derived from other sources, to generate revenues. It may be costly to implement security or other measures designed to comply with any new legislation. | ||
| • | Encryption Laws. Many copyright owner associations have lobbied the federal government for laws requiring copyrighted materials transmitted over the Internet to be digitally encrypted in order to track rights and prevent unauthorized use of copyrighted materials. If these laws are adopted, we may incur substantial costs to comply with these requirements or change the way we do business. | ||
| • | Content Regulation. Both foreign and domestic governments have adopted and proposed laws governing the content of material transmitted over the Internet. These include laws relating to obscenity, indecency, libel and defamation. We could be liable if content delivered by us violates these regulations. | ||
| • | Information Security Accountability Regulation. At least six bills are pending in Congress that could require public companies to obtain certification by an independent third party of the company’s computer information security. In addition, California has enacted legislation requiring disclosure of security branches involving personal information, and legislation has been proposed in at least fifteen other states. If this legislation is enacted, we may incur costs to comply with these security requirements. The preliminary nature of such legislation and the lack of related guidance make estimation of related costs difficult. If the Company is required to make a public announcement regarding a breach of security, it could have a negative impact on our business. |
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| • | Sales and Use Tax. Through December 31, 2005, we collected sales, use or other taxes on taxable transactions in all states in which we have employees. While HealthStream expects that this approach is appropriate, other states or foreign jurisdictions may seek to impose tax collection obligations on companies like us that engage in online commerce. If they do, these obligations could limit the growth of electronic commerce in general and limit our ability to profit from the sale of our services over the Internet. |
Laws and regulations directly applicable to e-commerce and Internet communications are becoming
more prevalent. Recent sessions of Congress enacted Internet laws regarding online copyright
infringement. Congress continues considering laws regarding Internet taxation. The dynamic nature
of this regulatory environment increases the uncertainty regarding the marketplace impact of such
regulation. The enactment of any additional laws or regulations may increase our cost of conducting
business or otherwise harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
Regulation of Education, Training and Other Services for Healthcare Professionals
Allied Disciplines. Various allied health professionals are required to obtain continuing education
to maintain their licenses. For example, emergency medical services personnel may be required to
acquire up to 20 continuing education hours per year. These requirements vary by state and depend
on the classification of the employee.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA regulations require employers to provide
training to employees to minimize the risk of injury from various potential workplace hazards.
Employers in the healthcare industry are required to provide training with respect to various
topics, including blood borne pathogens exposure control, laboratory safety and tuberculosis
infection control. OSHA regulations require employers to keep records of their employees’
completion of training with respect to these workplace hazards.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). JCAHO mandates that
employers in the healthcare industry provide certain workplace safety and patient interaction
training to employees. JCAHO required training may include programs on infection control, patient
bill of rights, radiation safety and incident reporting. Healthcare organizations are required to
provide and document training on these topics to receive JCAHO accreditation. In addition, JCAHO
imposes continuing education requirements on physicians that relate to each physician’s specific
staff appointments.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA regulations require certain
organizations, including most healthcare providers and health plans, to adopt safeguards regarding
the use and disclosure of health-related information. HIPAA regulations also require organizations
that maintain or transmit health information electronically in connection with certain transactions
to provide reasonable and appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy, integrity and
confidentiality of individually identifiable healthcare information. These healthcare organizations
are required to establish, maintain and provide training with regard to their policies and
procedures for protecting the integrity and confidentiality of individually identifiable healthcare
information. Healthcare organizations are required to document training on these topics to support
their compliance.
Continuing Education (CE). State nurse practice laws are usually the source of authority for
establishing the state board of nursing, which then establishes the state’s CE requirements for
professional nurses. Continuing education programs are provided through accredited providers
approved by the American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation and/or the state
board of nursing. CE requirements vary widely from state to state. Twenty-nine states require some
form of CE in order to renew a nurse’s license. In some states, the CE requirement only applies to
re-licensure of advance practice nurses, or additional CEs may be required of this category of
nurses. On average, 12 to 15 CEs are required annually, with reporting generally on a bi-annual
basis. Certifications may also require continuing education credits (e.g., CNOR – certification of
perioperative nursing).
Continuing Medical Education (CME). State licensing boards, professional organizations and
employers require physicians to certify that they have accumulated a minimum number of continuing
medical education hours to maintain their licenses. Generally, each state’s medical practice laws
authorize the state’s board of medicine to establish and track CME requirements. Thirty-four state
medical licensing boards currently have CME requirements. The number of CME hours required by each
state ranges up to 50 hours or more per year. Other sources of CME requirements are state medical
societies and practice specialty boards. The failure to obtain the requisite amount and type of CME
could result in non-renewal of the physician’s license to practice medicine and/or membership in a
medical or practice specialty society. The American Medical Association’s, or AMA’s, Physician
Recognition Award, or PRA, is the most widely recognized certificate for acknowledging physician
completion of a CME course. The AMA classifies continuing education activities as either category
1, which includes formal CME activities, or category 2, which includes most informal activities.
Sponsors want to designate CME activities for AMA PRA category 1 because this has become the
benchmark for quality in formally organized educational activities. Most agencies nationwide that
require CME participation specify AMA PRA category
1 credit. Only institutions and organizations accredited to provide CME can designate an activity
for AMA PRA category 1. The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, or ACCME, is
responsible for the accreditation of medical schools, state medical societies and other
institutions and organizations that provide CME activities for a national or regional audience of
physicians. Only institutions and organizations are accredited. The ACCME and state medical
societies do not accredit or approve individual activities. State medical
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societies, operating
under the aegis of the ACCME, accredit institutions and organizations that provide CME activities
primarily for physicians within the state or bordering states. We are an accredited provider of CME
by the ACCME.
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). The Centers for Medicare
and Medicaid Services (CMS) have partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ) to develop a standardized survey instrument and data collection methodology for measuring
patients’ perspectives on hospital care. The intent of the survey is to produce comparable data on
the patients’ perspective to allow consumer-based comparisons between hospitals, align incentives
to drive hospitals to improve their quality of care, and increase the transparency of hospital
reporting. Hospital participation is voluntary, with the first public reporting slated for late
2007. While we have participated in the vendor training, we have not yet assessed the full scope of
the impact HCAHPS may have on our survey business.
Office of the Inspector General (OIG) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
The OIG issued Compliance Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in April 2003 and
issued Compliance Program Guidance for the Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and
Supply Industry in July 1999 (collectively, the Guidelines). This document includes guidelines
related to continuing educational activities supported by pharmaceutical and medical device
companies. The Guidelines could affect the type and extent of future support for our continuing
education activities. The trade associations for the pharmaceutical and medical device industries
(PhRMA and AdvaMed, respectively) have also promulgated their own codes of ethics. The Company
follows the rules and guidelines provided by ACCME, ANCC, and other continuing education
accrediting bodies to ensure that its continuing education programming is free from commercial bias
and consistent with the OIG Guidelines.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission
Current FDA and FTC rules and enforcement actions and regulatory policies or those that the FDA or
the FTC may develop in the future could have a material adverse effect on our ability to provide
existing or future applications or services to our end users or obtain the necessary corporate
sponsorship to do so. The FDA and the FTC regulate the form, content and dissemination of labeling,
advertising and promotional materials, including direct-to-consumer prescription drug and medical
device advertising, prepared by, or for, pharmaceutical, biotechnology or medical device companies.
The FTC regulates over-the-counter drug advertising and, in some cases, medical device advertising.
Generally, regulated companies must limit their advertising and promotional materials to
discussions of the FDA-approved claims and, in limited circumstances, to a limited number of claims
not approved by the FDA. Therefore, any information that promotes the use of pharmaceutical or
medical device products that is presented with our services is subject to the full array of the FDA
and FTC requirements and enforcement actions. We believe that banner advertisements, sponsorship
links and any educational programs that lack independent editorial control that we may present with
our services could be subject to FDA or FTC regulation. While the FDA and the FTC place the
principal burden of compliance with advertising and promotional regulations on the advertiser, if
the FDA or FTC finds that any regulated information presented with our services violates FDA or FTC
regulations, they may take regulatory action against us or the advertiser or sponsor of that
information. In 1996, the FDA announced it would develop a guidance document expressing a broad set
of policies dealing with the promotion of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device products
on the Internet. The FDA has yet to issue that guidance document, and it is not clear when such
document may be released. The FDA guidance document may reflect new regulatory policies that more
tightly regulate the format and content of promotional information on the Internet.
Other Government Regulations
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) chartered the Advisory Committee on Smaller
Public Companies (the Committee) on March 23, 2005. The charter directed the Committee to assess
the current regulatory system for smaller public companies, including the impact of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and make recommendations for change. Currently, our compliance with
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been deferred to calendar year 2007. During March 2006,
the Committee released a draft of its report to the SEC, which included a recommendation to
establish a system of scaled securities regulations for smaller public companies. The Committee
also made specific recommendations with regard to the external audit requirement under Section 404
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The compliance environment in which we operate continues to evolve. The
Company continues to monitor the resolution of this issue to ensure that we appropriately allocate
our resources to maintain compliance with all applicable regulations.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
To protect our proprietary rights, we rely generally on copyright, trademark and trade secret laws,
confidentiality agreements and procedures with employees, consultants and other third parties,
license agreements with consultants, vendors and customers, and by controlling access to our
software, documentation and other proprietary information. We own Federal trademark and service
mark registrations for the marks “HEALTHSTREAM”, “HOSPITAL DIRECT”, “OR PROTOCOL”, “QUALITY CHECK”,
and “RESULTS! On-demand survey analysis.”
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We obtain the courseware that we license to our customers through a combination of license
agreements with publishers or authors, assignments and work-for-hire arrangements with third
parties, and development by employees. We require publishers, authors and other third parties to
represent and warrant that their content does not infringe on or misappropriate any third-party
intellectual property rights, that they have the right to provide their content and have obtained
all third-party consents necessary to do so. Our publishers, authors and other third parties also
agree to indemnify us against liability we might sustain due to the content they provide.
If a third party asserts a claim that we have infringed their patents or other intellectual
property, we may be required to redesign our products or enter into royalty or licensing
agreements. In addition, we license technologies from third parties for incorporation into our
services. Royalty and licensing agreements with these third parties may not be available on terms
acceptable to us, if at all. Additionally, the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual
property rights may not be adequate. Third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietary
rights. Competitors may also independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent
or superior to the technologies we employ in our services. If we fail to protect our proprietary
rights adequately, our competitors could offer similar services, potentially significantly harming
our competitive position and decreasing our revenues.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company files reports with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q and other reports from time to time. The public may read and copy any materials we file
with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The
public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330. The Company is an electronic filer and the SEC maintains an Internet site at
http://www.sec.gov that contains the reports, proxy and information statements, and other
information filed electronically. Our website address is www.healthstream.com. Please note that our
website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. We make available free of charge
through our website, the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after
such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information provided on our
website is not part of this report, and is therefore not incorporated by reference unless such
information is otherwise specifically referenced elsewhere in this report.
OUR EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2005, we employed 160 persons. Our success will depend in large part upon our
ability to attract and retain qualified employees. We face competition in this regard from other
companies, but we believe that we maintain good relations with our employees. We are not subject to
any collective bargaining agreements.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following is a brief summary of the business experience of each of the executive officers of
the Company. Officers of the Company are elected by the Board of Directors and serve at the
pleasure of the Board of Directors. The following table sets forth certain information regarding
the executive officers of the Company:
| Name | Age | Position | ||||
Robert A. Frist, Jr.
|
39 | Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||||
Arthur E. Newman
|
57 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Compliance Officer | ||||
Susan A. Brownie
|
41 | Senior Vice President, Corporate Secretary | ||||
Fred Perner
|
52 | Senior Vice President | ||||
Robert A. Frist, Jr., one of our co-founders, has served as our chief executive officer and
chairman of the board of directors since 1990 and president since 2001. Mr. Frist serves on the
board of directors of HearingPlanet, Inc., an online hearing aid distribution company. He graduated
with a Bachelor of Science in business with concentrations in finance, economics and marketing from
Trinity University.
Arthur E. Newman has served as our chief financial officer and senior vice president since January
2000. Mr. Newman assumed compliance officer responsibilities in October 2004. From April 1990 to
August 1999, Mr. Newman served as executive vice president overseeing finance, human resources,
information systems and customer service and fulfillment for Lippincott, Williams
and Wilkins, formerly Waverly, Inc., a publicly traded medical sciences publisher. In May 1998,
Waverly was acquired by Wolters Kluwer and merged with Wolters Kluwer’s existing U.S. based medical
publisher, Lippincott-Raven Publishers. From August 1999 to January 2000, Mr. Newman served as the
chief technology officer for Wolters Kluwer’s scientific, technical and medical companies
consisting of five separate units. Mr. Newman holds a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the
University of Miami and a Masters of Business Administration from Rutgers University.
Susan A. Brownie was promoted to Senior Vice President in January 2005. Before her promotion, Ms.
Brownie served as our vice president of finance and corporate controller since joining us in
November 1999. Ms. Brownie assumed corporate secretary responsibilities in October 2004. From
August 1986 until 1999, Ms. Brownie worked for KPMG LLP, a public accounting and
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consulting firm,
most recently as a senior manager. Ms. Brownie serves on the board of directors of Levy’s Inc., a
clothing retailer. She holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from the College of William and
Mary and is a certified public accountant.
Effective with the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005,
Arthur E. Newman will become our executive vice president focused on operations and Susan A.
Brownie will become our chief financial officer and senior vice president.
Fred
Perner departed from the Company in March 2006. He joined HealthStream in June 2000, and
prior to his departure he served as senior vice president with various responsibilities, including
most recently sales and marketing. From January 1999 until June 2000, Mr. Perner served as
president of Education Design, Inc., a company acquired by HealthStream in July 2000. Mr. Perner
holds a Bachelor of Science in general management and a Masters in Business Administration from
Indiana University. Mr. Perner also holds a J.D. from the University of Denver College of Law.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We believe that the risks and uncertainties described below and elsewhere in this document are the
principal material risks facing the Company as of the date of this report. In the future, we may
become subject to additional risks that are not currently known to us. Our business, financial
condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of the following
risks and by any unknown risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of
the following risks or any unknown risks.
Risks related to our business model.
We may be unable to effectively implement our growth strategy which could have an adverse effect on
our business and competitive position in the industry.
Our business strategy includes increasing our market share and presence through sales to new
customers, transitioning existing customers, further penetration and additional sales to existing
customers and introductions of new products and services. Some of the risks that we may encounter
in implementing our growth strategy include:
| • | expenses, delays and difficulties of identifying and integrating new products or services into our existing organization; | ||
| • | inability to leverage our operational and financial systems sufficient to support our growth; | ||
| • | inability to generate sufficient revenue from new products to offset investment costs; and | ||
| • | inability to effectively identify, manage and exploit existing and emerging market opportunities. |
If any of these risks are realized, our business could suffer.
We may be unable to effectively identify, complete or integrate the operations of future
acquisitions.
As part of our growth strategy, we are actively reviewing possible acquisitions that complement or
enhance our business. We may not be able to identify, complete or integrate the operations of
future acquisitions. In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing equity securities, our
existing shareholders may be diluted which could affect the market price of our stock. As a result,
if we fail to properly evaluate and execute acquisitions and investments, our business prospects
may be seriously harmed. Some of the risks that we may encounter in implementing our acquisition
strategy include:
| • | expenses, delays or difficulties of identifying and integrating acquired companies into our organization; | ||
| • | inability to retain personnel associated with acquisitions; | ||
| • | diversion of management’s attention from daily operations; and | ||
| • | inability to generate sufficient revenues from acquisitions to offset acquisition costs. |
Certain revenue components are subject to significant fluctuations.
As revenues from our subscription business continue to increase, a larger portion of our revenues
will be predictable; however, quarterly performance may be more subject to fluctuations associated
with our project based products and services, which generally relates to our pharmaceutical and
medical device customers as well as healthcare organization customers who use our survey and
research services. The pharmaceutical and medical device business is generally associated with
recurring customer relationships, however services are generally specific and relate to product
launches or training events that may vary from year to year. The magnitude of such contracts
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may
vary widely. Our survey and research services are typically contracted by healthcare organizations
for multi-year terms, but the frequency and timing of survey cycles can vary from quarter to
quarter.
Our sales cycle is lengthy and can vary widely.
The period from our initial contact with a potential customer and the first purchase of our
solution by the customer typically ranges from three to nine months, and in some cases has extended
much further. The range in the sales cycle can be impacted by factors including an increasing trend
towards more formal requests for proposals (RFP’s) process, and more competition within our space,
as well as formal budget timelines which impact timing of purchases by target customers. As a
result of these factors, we have only limited ability to forecast the timing and type of initial
sales. This, in turn, makes it more difficult to predict quarterly financial performance.
We may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors,
especially those with significantly greater financial, marketing, technical and other resources.
Several of our competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial,
technical, marketing and other resources than we do. We encounter direct competition from both
large and small e-learning companies focused on training and continuing education in the healthcare
industry. We also face competition from larger survey and research companies. We believe we
maintain a competitive advantage against our competitors with the comprehensive array of products
and services we offer. If our competitors were to offer a complete e-learning solution to the
healthcare industry, our competitive position could be adversely affected. These companies may be
able to respond more quickly than we are to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards
or customer requirements. Further, most of our customer agreements are for shorter terms ranging
from one to three years, with no obligation to renew. The short terms of these agreements allow
customers to more easily shift to one of our competitors.
Growth in courseware subscription revenues depend, in part, on our obtaining proper distribution
rights from our content partners.
Most of our agreements with content providers are for initial terms of two to three years. The
content partners may choose not to renew their agreements with us or may terminate the agreements
early if we do not fulfill our contractual obligations. If a significant number of our content
providers terminate or fail to renew their agreements with us on acceptable terms, it could result
in a reduction in the number of courses we are able to distribute and decreased revenues. Most of
our agreements with our content partners are also non-exclusive, and our competitors also offer, or
could offer, training and continuing education content that is similar to or the same as ours. If
publishers and authors, including our current content partners, offer information to users or our
competitors on more favorable terms than those offered to us or increase our license fees, our
competitive position and our profit margins and prospects could be harmed. In addition, the failure
by our content partners to deliver high-quality content and to revise their content in response to
user demand and evolving healthcare advances and trends could result in user dissatisfaction and
inhibit our ability to attract and retain subscribers of our courseware offerings.
We may not be able to develop enhancements to our existing products and services or achieve
widespread acceptance of new features or keep pace with technological developments.
Our revenue growth is expected to be generated through sales to new customers as well as
increasing sales of additional courseware subscriptions and other products and services to existing
customers. Our identification of additional features, content, products and services may not result
in timely development of complementary products. In addition, the success of certain new products
and services may be dependent on continued growth in our base of Internet-based customers or
adoption of new methodology by new customers. Because healthcare training continues to change and
evolve, we may be unable to accurately predict and develop features, content and other products to
address the needs of the healthcare industry. If new products, features, or content are not
accepted by new or existing customers, we may not be able to recover the cost of this development
and our business will be harmed. Continued growth of our Internet-based customer population is
dependent on our ability to continue to provide relevant products and services in a timely manner.
The success of our business will depend on our ability to continue providing our products and
services as well as enhancing our courseware, product and service offerings that address the needs
of healthcare organizations.
Within the healthcare industry, our customer channels are focused on two segments: healthcare
organizations and pharmaceutical/ medical device companies. We rely on spending within these two
segments and our business may suffer if financial pressures cause our potential or existing
customers to cut back on our services.
There are several economic factors that have had an impact on the nation’s approximately 5,000
acute care hospitals. Some of these factors include labor costs, which as recently as 2002
constituted 40 percent of 2002 hospital revenues, according to the Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid (CMS), with half of that allocated for staffing nurses. Also, the reduced Medicare payment
increases that resulted from the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and the lower payments that most
hospitals accepted from managed care companies in the last several years have both had an adverse
financial effect on the hospital segment. These financial pressures, along with several major
hospital defaults and bankruptcies, have resulted in limited access to capital for some hospitals.
As HealthStream’s target market within the healthcare industry, hospitals’ financial pressures are
salient in achieving our business objectives.
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Financial analysts generally believe that medical device companies enjoy higher revenues and
earnings growth, relative to their medical supply company counterparts, although they’re considered
more volatile. The medical device industry is highly concentrated; the largest two percent of the
6,000 U.S. medical device firms account for nearly half of the industry’s sales, according to the
CMS. In addition, relatively short product life cycles for medical devices make the management and
marketing strategies particularly crucial in this segment. These economic factors contribute to the
volatility of this customer channel for HealthStream.
The top ten pharmaceutical companies account for 60 percent of U.S. drug sales, with the top
company owning a ten percent market share of the U.S. pharmaceutical market in 2001, according to
CMS. Successful research and development is the key driver for long-term growth, yet this may be
held constant or reduced during profit crunches—like that experienced by some companies as the
patent expires on their blockbuster drugs. Both branded and generic pharmaceutical companies
fiercely litigate intellectually property and, as a result, may experience adverse financial
consequences. Over the past few years, pharmaceutical companies experienced a significant increase
in public scrutiny with respect to product development, testing and introductions in certain
specific treatment areas. Continued restrictions or further extending the testing and product
launch cycle could have a negative impact on our sales to and revenues from pharmaceutical
companies. As one of our two customer channels, these characteristics of the pharmaceutical and
medical device segment could have an impact on HealthStream.
Our product and service offerings include third party technology, the loss of which could
materially harm our business. Errors in third party software or our inability to license this
software in the future could increase our costs and decrease our revenues.
We use some licensed third party technology components in our products. Future licenses to this
technology may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The loss of or
inability to obtain or maintain any of these technology licenses could result in delays in the
introduction of new products or could force us to discontinue offering portions of our learning
management solutions until equivalent technology, if available, is identified, licensed and
integrated. The operation of our products would be impaired if errors occur in the third party
software that we incorporate, and we may incur additional costs to repair or replace the defective
software. It may be difficult for us to correct any errors in third party software because the
software is not within our control. Accordingly, our revenue could decrease and our costs could
increase in the event of any errors in this technology. Furthermore, we may become subject to legal
claims related to licensed technology based on product liability, infringement of intellectual
property or other legal theories.
Financial Risks
A significant portion of our revenue is generated from a relatively small number of customers.
We provide our Internet-based training and education services and our survey and research services
to HCA, Inc. (HCA) under separate agreements. During 2005, we derived approximately 14%, or $3.9
million, of our net revenues from HCA. Our agreement with HCA for our Internet-based training and
education services was automatically renewed under the terms of the existing agreement, but may be
terminated by either party upon forty-five days notice to the other party. We are in discussions
regarding a revised multi-year agreement with HCA. Our survey and research services agreement with
HCA expires in December 2007. We also derive a significant portion of our revenues from a
relatively small number of customers. A termination of our agreements with HCA or several of our
other significant customers or a failure by HCA or other significant customers to renew their
contracts on favorable terms, or at all, would have a material adverse effect on our business.
As the percentage of our business that is subject to renewal continues to increase, those renewals
have a more significant impact on our revenue and operating results.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, approximately sixty percent of our net revenues were derived
from our Internet-based
subscription products. Our Internet-based HLC customers have no obligation to renew their
subscriptions for our products or services after the expiration of the initial subscription period
and in fact, some customers have elected not to renew their subscription. In addition, our
customers may renew at a lower pricing or activity level. During the year ended December 31, 2005,
we renewed 89% of the annual contract value up for renewal and 92% of the subscribers which were up
for renewal. The number of accounts up for renewal will continue to increase during and after 2006.
Because a significant portion of our customer contracts are still operating under their original
agreements or have only renewed one time, we do not have sufficient historical data to accurately
predict future customer renewal rates. Our customers’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a
result of a number of factors, including their dissatisfaction with our service. If we are unable
to renew a substantial portion of the contracts that are up for renewal or maintain our pricing,
our revenues could be adversely affected, which would have a material adverse affect on our results
of operations and financial position. In addition, much of our live event activity is of a
recurring and somewhat predictable nature, however, we do not have any long term contracts that
obligate these customers beyond their current contract terms. Contracts for our survey and research
services typically range from one to three years in length, and customers are not obligated to
renew their contract with us after their contract expires. If our customers do not renew their
arrangements for our service, or if their activity levels decline, our revenue may decline and our
business will suffer.
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Our future success also depends in part on our ability to sell additional features or enhanced
offerings of our services to our current customers. This may require increasingly sophisticated and
costly sales efforts that require targeting, contact with, or approval by our customer’s senior
management. If these efforts are not successful, our business may suffer.
The timing of our revenue recognition from sales activity is dependent upon achievement of certain
events or performance milestones, and our inability to accurately predict them will harm our
operating results.
Our ability to record revenues is dependent upon several factors including the transfer of
customer-specific information such as unique subscriber IDs, which are required for us to implement
customers on our Internet-based learning platform. Accordingly, if customers do not provide us with
the specified information in a timely manner, our ability to recognize revenues will be delayed,
which could adversely impact our operating results. In addition, completion and acceptance by our
customers of developed content and courseware must be achieved, survey responses must be received,
and utilization of courseware is required in connection with subscription Internet-based learning
products and commercial support arrangements for us to recognize revenues. As we noted above, while
we have been successful in achieving growth in our subscription based revenues, our project based
revenues have and may continue to be subject to significant fluctuations.
Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions for our products and services over the term of the
subscription period, downturns or upturns in sales may not be immediately reflected in our
operating results.
We recognize a large portion of our revenue from customers monthly over the terms of their
subscription agreements, which are typically one to three years, although terms can range from less
than one to up to five years. As a result, much of the revenue we report in each quarter is related
to subscription agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or
renewed subscriptions in any one quarter will not necessarily be fully reflected in the revenue in
that quarter and will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. In addition, we may be
unable to adjust our cost structure to reflect these reduced revenues. Accordingly, the effect of
significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our products and services may not be fully
reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Additionally, our subscription model
also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any
period, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.
We may not be able to meet our strategic business objectives unless we obtain additional financing,
which may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all.
Our current cash reserves and results of operations are expected to be sufficient to meet our cash
requirements through at least 2006. However, we may need to raise additional funds in order to:
| • | develop new, or enhance existing, services or products; | ||
| • | respond to competitive pressures; | ||
| • | finance working capital requirements; | ||
| • | sustain content and development relationships; or | ||
| • | acquire complementary businesses, technology, content or products. |
At December 31, 2005, we had approximately $12.2 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted
cash, investments in marketable securities and related interest receivable. We expect to incur up
to $3.5 million of capital expenditures and content purchases during
2006 to support our business. We are actively reviewing possible business acquisitions that would
complement our products and services. We may not have adequate cash and investments to consummate
one or more acquisitions. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available on terms
favorable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable
terms, our ability to fund expansion, take advantage of available opportunities, develop or enhance
services or products or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited.
If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage
ownership of our shareholders may be reduced.
Our relatively short operating history may prevent us from forecasting our results of operations
accurately.
As a result of our relatively short operating history and lack of sustained success in executing
our growth strategy, we do not have historical financial data for a significant number of periods
upon which to forecast quarterly revenues and results of operations. We believe that
period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily meaningful and should not
be relied upon as indicators of future performance. In addition, our operating results may vary
substantially. This variability may be the result of differences in levels of sales activity,
introductions of new products and services, and the related revenue recognition for our various
products and services. In one or more future quarters, our results of operations may fall below
recent operating trends or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, and the trading
price of our common stock may decline.
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We have significant goodwill and identifiable intangible assets recorded on our balance sheet that
may be subject to impairment losses that would reduce our reported assets and earnings.
As of December 31, 2005, our balance sheet included goodwill of $10.3 million and identifiable
intangible assets of $3.3 million. Economic, legal, regulatory, competitive, contractual, and other
factors may affect the carrying value of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in the future.
If any of these factors impair the value of these assets, accounting rules require us to reduce
their carrying value and recognize an impairment charge, which would reduce our reported assets and
earnings in the period an impairment is recognized.
Our stock price is likely to be volatile.
The market price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and could be subject to significant
fluctuations in response to factors such as the following, some of which are beyond our control:
quarterly variations in our operating results; operating results that vary from the expectations of
securities analysts and investors; changes in expectations as to our future financial performance;
changes in market valuations of other online service companies; future sales of our common stock;
stock market price and volume fluctuations; general political and economic conditions, such as a
recession or war or terrorist attacks or interest rate or currency rate fluctuations; and other
risk factors described in this Form 10-K. Moreover, our stock is thinly traded, and we have a
relatively small public float. These factors may adversely affect the market price of our common
stock. In addition, the market prices for stocks of many Internet related and technology companies
have historically experienced significant price fluctuations that in some cases appear to bear no
relationship to the operating performance of these companies.
Risks Related to Sales, Marketing and Competition
We continue to refine our pricing and our products and services and cannot predict whether the
ongoing changes will be accepted.
Over the past few years we have implemented several changes and continue to make such changes in
our pricing and our product and service offerings to increase revenue and to meet the needs of our
customers. We cannot predict whether our current pricing and products and services, or any ongoing
refinements we make will be accepted by our existing customer base or by prospective customers. If
our customers and potential customers decide not to accept our current or future pricing or product
and service offerings, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks Related to Operations
We may be unable to adequately develop our systems, processes and support in a manner that will
enable us to meet the demand for our services.
We have provided our online products and services since 1999 and continue to develop our ability to
provide our courseware and learning management systems on both a subscription and transactional
basis over the Internet. Our future success will depend on our ability to effectively develop the
infrastructure, including additional hardware and software, and implement the services, including
customer support, necessary to meet the demand for our services. Our inability from time to time to
successfully develop the necessary systems and implement the necessary services on a timely basis
has resulted in our customers experiencing some delays or interruptions in their service. Such
delays or interruptions may cause customers to become dissatisfied with our service and move to
competing providers of traditional and online training and education services. If this happens, our
revenues could be adversely affected, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition.
Our business operations could be significantly disrupted if we lose members of, or fail to
integrate, our management team.
Our future performance is substantially dependent on the continued services of our management team
and our ability to retain and motivate them. In March 2006, our senior vice president of sales and
marketing left the Company. The loss of the services of any of our officers or senior managers
could harm our business, as we may not be able to find suitable replacements. We do not have
employment agreements with any of our key personnel, other than our chief executive officer, and we
do not maintain any “key person” life insurance policies.
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We may not be able to hire and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees and, as a result,
we may not be able to grow as we expect or maintain the quality of our services.
Our future success will depend on our ability to attract, train, retain and motivate other highly
skilled technical, managerial, marketing and customer support personnel. Competition for these
personnel is intense, especially for developers, Web designers and sales personnel, and we may be
unable to successfully attract sufficiently qualified personnel. We have experienced difficulty in
the past hiring qualified personnel in a timely manner for these positions. The pool of qualified
technical personnel, in particular, is limited in Nashville, Tennessee, which is where our
headquarters are located. We will need to maintain the size of our staff to support our anticipated
growth, without compromising the quality of our offerings or customer service. Our inability to
locate, hire, integrate and retain qualified personnel in sufficient numbers may reduce the quality
of our services.
We must continue to upgrade our technology infrastructure, both hardware and software, to
effectively meet demand for our services.
We must continue to add hardware and enhance software to accommodate the increased courseware in
our library and increased use of our platform. In order to make timely decisions about hardware and
software enhancements, we must be able to accurately forecast the growth in demand for our
services. This growth in demand for our services is difficult to forecast and the potential
audience for our services is large. If we are unable to increase the data storage and processing
capacity of our systems at least as fast as the growth in demand, our systems may become unstable
and our customers may encounter delays or disruptions in their service. Unscheduled downtime could
harm our business and also could discourage current and potential customers and reduce future
revenues.
Our network infrastructure and computer systems and software may fail.
An unexpected event like a telecommunications failure, fire, flood, earthquake, or other
catastrophic loss at our Internet service providers’ facilities or at our on-site data facility
could cause the loss of critical data and prevent us from offering our products and services. Our
business interruption insurance may not adequately compensate us for losses that may occur. In
addition, we rely on third parties to securely store our archived data, house our Web server and
network systems and connect us to the Internet. While our service providers have planned for
certain contingencies, the failure by any of these third parties to provide these services
satisfactorily and our inability to find suitable replacements would impair our ability to access
archives and operate our systems and software.
We may lose users and lose revenues if our security measures fail.
If the security measures that we use to protect personal information are ineffective, we may lose
users of our services, which could reduce our revenues. We rely on security and authentication
technology licensed from third parties. With this technology, we perform real-time credit card
authorization and verification. We cannot predict whether these security measures could be
circumvented by new technological developments. In addition, our software, databases and servers
may be vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions. We
may need to spend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to alleviate
problems caused by any breaches. We cannot assure that we can prevent all security breaches.
Risks Related to Government Regulation, Content and Intellectual Property
Government regulation may require us to change the way we do business.
The laws and regulations that govern our business change rapidly. The United States government and
the governments of states and foreign countries have attempted to regulate activities on the
Internet. Evolving areas of law that are relevant to our business include privacy law, proposed
encryption laws, content regulation and sales and use tax laws and regulations. Because of this
rapidly evolving and uncertain regulatory environment, we cannot predict how these laws and
regulations might affect our business. In addition, these uncertainties make it difficult to ensure
compliance with the laws and regulations governing the Internet. These laws
and regulations could harm us by subjecting us to liability or forcing us to change how we do
business. See “Business — Government Regulation of the Internet and the Healthcare Industry” for a
more complete discussion of these laws and regulations.
Any reduction or change in the regulation of continuing education and training in the healthcare
industry may adversely affect our business.
Our business model is dependent in part on required training and continuing education for
healthcare professionals and other healthcare workers resulting from regulations of state and
Federal agencies, state licensing boards and professional organizations. Any change in these
regulations that reduce the requirements for continuing education and training for the healthcare
industry could harm our business.
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In addition, our business with pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers is predicated on our
ability to maintain accreditation status with organizations such as the ACCME, ANCC, American
Council for Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) and others. The failure to maintain status as an
accredited provider could result in a detrimental effect on our business.
New regulations may reduce our business activity with pharmaceutical and medical device customers.
In April 2003, the OIG of the Department of Health and Human Services issued “OIG Compliance
Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers.” In July 1999, the OIG issued Compliance Program
Guidance for the Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics and Supply Industry. These
guidelines collectively identify three areas of risks for pharmaceutical and medical device
companies and recommends certain best practices to be included in a compliance plan designed to
avoid the risk of federal healthcare program abuse. The guidance highlighted a number of
arrangements that have the potential to trigger fraud and abuse violations, including educational
grants. The Company follows the rules and guidelines provided by the ACCME, ANCC and other
continuing education accrediting bodies to ensure that its continuing education programming is free
from commercial bias and consistent with the OIG guidance. The majority of the Company’s accredited
continuing education programming is funded by educational grants from our pharmaceutical and
medical device customers. There is no assurance that our pharmaceutical and medical device
customers will continue to provide educational grants consistent with past practices. To the extent
that our customers curtail or restructure their business practices, it could have a material
adverse impact on the Company’s revenues, results of operations, and financial position.
We may be liable to third parties for content that is available from our online library.
We may be liable to third parties for the content in our online library if the text, graphics,
software or other content in our library violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual
property rights, our content partners violate their contractual obligations to others by providing
content to our library or the content does not conform to accepted standards of care in the
healthcare profession. We attempt to minimize these types of liabilities by requiring
representations and warranties relating to our content partners’ ownership of the rights to
distribute as well as the accuracy of their content. We also take necessary measures to review this
content ourselves. Although our agreements with our content partners contain provisions providing
for indemnification by the content providers in the event of inaccurate content, we cannot assure
you that our content partners will have the financial resources to meet this obligation. Alleged
liability could harm our business by damaging our reputation, requiring us to incur legal costs in
defense, exposing us to awards of damages and costs and diverting management’s attention away from
our business. See “Business — Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights” for a more
complete discussion of the potential effects of this liability on our business.
Protection of certain proprietary trademarks and domain names may be difficult and costly.
Despite protection of certain proprietary trademarks and domain names, a third-party could, without
authorization, copy or otherwise appropriate our content or other information from our database.
Our agreements with employees, consultants and others who participate in development activities
could be breached. We may not have adequate remedies for any breach, and our trade secrets may
otherwise become known or independently developed by competitors. In addition, the laws of some
foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the
United States, and effective copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may not be available
in those jurisdictions. We currently hold several domain names. The legal status of intellectual
property on the Internet is currently subject to various uncertainties. The current system for
registering, allocating and managing domain names has been the subject of litigation and proposed
regulatory reform. Additionally, legislative proposals have been made by the federal government
that would afford broad protection to owners of databases of information, such as stock quotes.
This protection of databases already exists in the European Union. There have been substantial
amounts of litigation in the computer and online industries regarding intellectual property assets.
Third-parties may claim infringement by us with respect to current and future products, trademarks
or other proprietary rights, and we may counterclaim against such parties in such actions. Any
such claims or counterclaims could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert
management’s attention, cause product release delays, require us to redesign our products or
require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any of which could have a material
adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and operating results. Such royalty and
licensing agreements may not
be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
We may be unable to protect our intellectual property, and we may be liable for infringing the
intellectual property rights of others.
Our business could be harmed if unauthorized parties infringe upon or misappropriate our
proprietary systems, content, services or other information. Our efforts to protect our
intellectual property through copyright, trademarks and other controls may not be adequate. In the
future, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the
validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, which could be time consuming and costly.
Intellectual property infringement claims could be made against us as the number of our competitors
grows. These claims, even if not meritorious, could be expensive and divert our attention from
operating our company. In addition, if we become liable to third parties for infringing their
intellectual property rights, we could be required to pay a substantial damage award and develop
comparable non-infringing intellectual property, to obtain a license or to cease providing the
content or services that contain the infringing intellectual property. We may be unable to develop
non-infringing intellectual property or obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, if at
all.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 2. Properties
Our principal office is located in Nashville, Tennessee. Our lease for approximately 32,000 square
feet at this location expires in April 2010. The lease provides for a five-year renewal option with
rent at rates which are substantially similar to current rates. Rent at this location is
approximately $23,000 per month.
We are leasing approximately 8,000 square feet of office space in Denver, Colorado for our
satellite office. The lease expires in March 2010 and has monthly rent of approximately $9,000.
We are leasing approximately 8,000 square feet of office space in Franklin, Tennessee for our
satellite office. The lease expires in August 2007, and contains two one year renewal options. Rent
at this location is approximately $8,200 per month through February 2007, and approximately $8,500
per month from March 2007 to August 2007.
We are leasing approximately 6,000 square feet of office space in Dallas, Texas. The lease expires
in January 2007 and has monthly rent of approximately $8,000. We are currently subleasing this
office space at the rate of approximately $6,000 per month to a third party for the remaining term
of the lease.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share
of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market under the ticker symbol HSTM:
| Common Stock Price | ||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 3.72 | $ | 2.60 | $ | 3.04 | $ | 1.75 | ||||||||
Second Quarter |
4.00 | 2.65 | 2.53 | 1.86 | ||||||||||||
Third Quarter |
3.96 | 2.95 | 2.10 | 1.61 | ||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter |
2.83 | 1.91 | 3.10 | 1.87 | ||||||||||||
On March 3, 2006, there were 193 registered holders and approximately 2,386 beneficial
holders of our common stock. Because many of such shares are held by brokers and other institutions
on behalf of shareholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of shareholders represented
by these record holders.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate
paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain earnings to finance the
expansion of our operations.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
There have been no sales of unregistered securities since December 31, 2004.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
There were no stock repurchases by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2005.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
On April 10, 2000 our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-88939) was declared
effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Pursuant to the Registration Statement, we
registered and sold 5,275,000 shares of common stock at a price of $9.00 per share. The managing
underwriter was FleetBoston Robertson Stephens, Inc. The aggregate price of the amount offered and
sold was $47,475,000. In connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities
registered, we paid $3,323,250 related to underwriting discounts and commissions and approximately
$2,000,000 of other expenses.
The net offering proceeds to the Company after deducting the total expenses noted above were
approximately $42,200,000. From the effective date of the Registration Statement through December
31, 2005, we have used all of the net offering proceeds to fund general operating expenses,
acquisitions and other working capital needs.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected statements of operations data for the three-year period ended December 31, 2005 and
the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 are derived from our consolidated financial
statements that have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public
accounting firm, and are included elsewhere in this report. You should read the following selected
financial data in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those
statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” located elsewhere in this report.
HealthStream acquired DMR on March 28, 2005. DMR’s results of operations are included within our
consolidated statement of operations effective March 29, 2005. As a result of this acquisition, the
annual results presented below are not comparable. Revenues may be subject to fluctuations as
discussed further in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” located elsewhere in this annual report. During 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 142 “Goodwill
and Intangible Assets,” which eliminated the amortization of goodwill and indefinite lived
intangible assets. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, we recorded a transitional
goodwill impairment charge of $5.0 million, in our healthcare organizations (HCO) business unit, as
a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle as of January 1, 2002. As a result of this
accounting change, the annual results presented below are not comparable. The operating results for
any single year are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 27,359 | $ | 20,057 | $ | 18,195 | $ | 15,790 | $ | 13,503 | ||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and
amortization) |
9,746 | 7,277 | 6,268 | 5,970 | 5,772 | |||||||||||||||
Product development |
2,928 | 2,531 | 3,247 | 4,679 | 5,041 | |||||||||||||||
Sales, marketing, general and administrative expenses |
10,411 | 9,433 | 9,431 | 12,835 | 13,019 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,678 | 2,107 | 3,048 | 4,395 | 9,936 | |||||||||||||||
Office consolidation charge |
— | — | — | 164 | 401 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets |
— | — | — | 105 | 712 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
25,763 | 21,348 | 21,994 | 28,148 | 34,881 | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
1,596 | (1,291 | ) | (3,799 | ) | (12,358 | ) | (21,378 | ) | |||||||||||
Other income (expense) |
338 | 243 | 387 | 717 | 1,802 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss), before provision for income taxes
and cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle |
1,934 | (1,048 | ) | (3,412 | ) | (11,641 | ) | (19,576 | ) | |||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
21 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle |
— | — | — | (5,000 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,913 | $ | (1,048 | ) | $ | (3,412 | ) | $ | (16,641 | ) | $ | (19,576 | ) | ||||||
Net income
(loss) per share — basic and diluted,
before cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.57 | ) | $ | (0.98 | ) | ||||||
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle |
— | — | — | (0.25 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Net income
(loss) per share — basic and diluted |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.82 | ) | $ | (0.98 | ) | ||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock
outstanding — basic |
21,051 | 20,586 | 20,383 | 20,261 | 19,921 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock
outstanding — diluted |
21,942 | 20,586 | 20,383 | 20,261 | 19,921 | |||||||||||||||
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| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE SHEET DATA: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 5,726 | $ | 2,257 | $ | 3,220 | $ | 4,070 | $ | 4,747 | ||||||||||
Investments
in marketable securities — short and long
term |
6,175 | 14,025 | 13,958 | 15,153 | 21,410 | |||||||||||||||
Working capital |
10,027 | 15,675 | 16,316 | 14,912 | 17,945 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
35,216 | 28,436 | 28,399 | 32,913 | 49,247 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue |
4,503 | 3,866 | 3,059 | 3,346 | 3,274 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, net of current
portion |
216 | 29 | 1 | 41 | 119 | |||||||||||||||
Shareholders’ equity |
25,800 | 21,730 | 22,558 | 25,896 | 42,543 | |||||||||||||||
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of HealthStream
should be read in conjunction with “Selected Financial Data” and HealthStream’s Consolidated
Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This discussion
contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. HealthStream’s actual
results may differ significantly from the results discussed and those anticipated in these
forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to, those
described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.
The following discussion provides an overview of our history together with a summary of our
critical accounting policies and estimates. Our critical accounting policies and estimates include
revenue recognition, product development costs and related capitalization, impairment of goodwill,
intangibles and other long-lived assets and the allowance for doubtful accounts.
OVERVIEW
HealthStream was incorporated in 1990 and began marketing its Internet-based solutions in March
1999. The Company focuses on being a facilitator of solutions and training tools for entities in
the healthcare industry. Revenues from the healthcare organizations business unit (HCO) are derived
from the following categories: provision of services through our Internet-based HealthStream
Learning Center, courseware subscriptions, survey and research services, a variety of complimentary
online products, and maintenance and support of installed learning management products. Revenues
from the pharmaceutical and medical device company business unit (PMD) are derived from live event
development, online training and content development, and other educational and training services.
To date, we have incurred substantial costs to develop our technologies, create, license, update,
and acquire our content, build brand awareness, develop our infrastructure and expand our business,
and only recently achieved sufficient revenues to generate a net profit or positive operating cash
flows. We have incurred operating losses in each fiscal quarter from 1994 through the third quarter
of 2004. We have generated net income each quarter since the fourth quarter of 2004. We expect our
operating results will continue to improve during 2006, but will be unfavorably impacted by the
adoption of SFAS 123R “Share-Based Payments” beginning January 1, 2006.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenues from our Internet-based learning products and courseware subscriptions to
healthcare workers through healthcare organizations based on a per person subscription basis, with
fees ranging from less than $1 to more than $6 per month. These fees are based on the size of the
facilities’ or organizations’ employee user population and the service offerings to which they
subscribe. Contracts for our Internet-based learning products generally range from less than $5,000
to approximately $400,000 per year based on the number of users, products and services included in
the contract. Revenue is recognized ratably over the service period of the underlying contract.
Revenues from our survey and research services are determined using the proportional performance
method, and are earned over the estimated survey cycle, which typically ranges from less than one
month to up to four months. The survey cycle is generally initiated based on the receipt of the
first survey response and runs through provision of related survey reports to the customer. All
other revenues are recognized as the related services are performed or products are delivered to
the customer.
Revenues from content maintenance services are associated with maintaining and updating customer
owned content. Fees are based on the time and efforts involved, and revenue is recognized upon
completion of performance milestones using the proportional performance method.
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We offer training services for clients to facilitate integration of our Internet-based products.
Fees for training are based on the time and efforts of the personnel involved. Basic online
training is generally included in the initial contract, however, incremental training revenues are
generally recognized upon completion of training services.
Revenues from installed learning management products are associated with ongoing maintenance and
technical support services, typically based on a percentage of the original contract amount and are
recognized as revenue over the term of the service period, generally one year.
We have and expect to continue to transition customers from our existing installed learning
management products to our Internet-based learning products. We expect that revenues resulting from
these transition customers will increase when compared to the annual maintenance and technical
support services fees due to sales of additional services and online courseware.
We recognize revenue from live event development services using a
proportional performance method based on completion of performance
milestones. Revenues from content maintenance and development
services are recognized using a percentage of completion method based
on labor hours, which correspond to the completion of performance
milestones and deliverables. Sales of products
and services to pharmaceutical and medical device companies can be subject to seasonal factors as a
result of drug and product introductions, meeting and conference dates and budget cycles for such
companies.
Revenues associated with online training are recognized over the term of the subscription period or
over the historical usage period, if usage typically differs from the subscription period. All
other service revenues are recognized as the related services are performed or products are
delivered.
We expect to continue to generate revenues by marketing our Internet-based products and services to
healthcare workers through healthcare organizations and pharmaceutical and medical device
companies. We expect that the portion of our revenues related to services provided via our
Internet-based learning products will increase in absolute dollar amounts. Since revenues from our
survey and research services are not Internet-based, the percentage of total revenues from
Internet-based subscription products has declined compared to historical periods. Specifically, we
will seek to generate revenues from healthcare workers by marketing to their employers or
sponsoring organizations. The fees we charge for courseware resulting from this marketing is
typically paid by either the employer or sponsoring organization.
Product Development Costs
Product development costs primarily include our internal costs to maintain and internally develop
software features and content for our Internet-based learning and installed learning management
products. Once technological feasibility is achieved, we capitalize payments to third parties
associated with the cost of feature development or content where the life expectancy is greater
than one year and the anticipated cash flows from such software features or content are expected to
exceed the related cost of the features or content. During 2005 and 2004, we capitalized
approximately $400,000 and $600,000, respectively, related to development of content by third
parties. Such amounts are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the
caption “prepaid development fees” and “other assets” based on remaining useful lives. During 2005
and 2004, we capitalized approximately $500,000 and $300,000, respectively, for development of
software features. Such amounts are included in the accompanying balance sheets under the caption
“prepaid expenses and other current assets” and “other assets” based on remaining useful lives. We
amortize content and software features over the expected life, which is generally one to three
years. Capitalized content and software features are subject to a periodic impairment review in
accordance with our policy.
Product development costs also include our systems team, which manages our efforts associated with
product development and maintenance, database management, quality assurance and security. This
team is responsible for new internal product development, integration of external new products, and
continued enhancements and regularly scheduled maintenance (called ServicePacks) to our platform.
We account for Web site development costs in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-2 “Accounting for
Web Site Development Costs” and SOP 98-1 “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed
or Obtained for Internal Use,” which provides guidance on when to capitalize versus expense costs
incurred to develop internal use software or Web sites. We capitalize costs incurred during the
development phase for such projects when such costs are material. Maintenance and operating costs
are expensed as incurred.
In connection with product development, our significant estimates involve the assessment of the
development period for new products, as well as the expected useful life of costs associated with
new products, software features and content. Once capitalized, software feature and content
development costs are subject to the policies and estimates described below regarding goodwill,
intangibles and other long-lived assets.
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Goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets
We account for goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” and SFAS No. 144,
“Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” We measure for impairment at the
reporting unit level using a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of
the reporting units. Our discounted cash flow model contains significant assumptions and accounting
estimates about discount rates, future cash flows and terminal values that could materially affect
our operating results or financial position if they were to change significantly in the future and
could result in an impairment. We perform our goodwill impairment test whenever events or changes
in facts or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist and also during the fourth quarter
each year.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts using both a specific and non-specific
identification method. Management’s evaluation includes reviewing past due accounts on a case-by
case basis, and determining whether an account should be reserved, based on the facts and
circumstances surrounding each potentially uncollectible account. An allowance is also maintained
for accounts not specifically identified that may become uncollectible in the future. Uncollectible
accounts are written-off in the period management believes it has exhausted every opportunity to
collect payment from the customer. Bad debt expense is recorded when events or circumstances
indicate an additional allowance is necessary based on our specific identification approach.
BUSINESS COMBINATION
Data Management & Research, Inc. On March 28, 2005, the Company acquired all of the stock of Data
Management & Research, Inc. (DMR) for approximately $10.7 million, consisting of $9.1 million in
cash and 479,234 shares of our common stock. The Company also incurred direct, incremental expenses
associated with the acquisition of approximately $0.4 million. Of the common stock portion, 319,489
shares were deposited in an escrow account to be held for eighteen months from the acquisition
date, subject to any claims for indemnification pursuant to the stock purchase agreement. DMR
provides healthcare organizations a wide range of quality and satisfaction surveys, data analyses
of survey results, and other research-based measurement tools focused on physicians, patients, and
employees. This acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues and Expense Components
The following descriptions of the components of revenues and expenses apply to the comparison of
results of operations.
Revenues. Revenues for our HCO business unit currently consist of the provision of services through
our Internet-based HealthStream Learning Center (HLC), authoring tools, survey and research
services, a variety of courseware subscriptions (add-on courseware) maintenance and support
services for our installed learning management products, maintenance of content, and competency
tools. Revenues for our PMD business unit consist of live event development, online training and
content development, online sales training courses, live educational activities for nurses and
technicians conducted within healthcare organizations, continuing education activities at
association meetings, and HospitalDirect® .
Cost of Revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization). Cost of revenues consists primarily of
salaries and employee benefits, employee travel and lodging, materials, contract labor, hosting
costs, and other direct expenses associated with revenues as well as royalties paid by us to
content providers based on a percentage of revenues. Personnel costs within cost of revenues are
associated with individuals that facilitate product delivery, provide services, handle customer
support calls or inquiries, manage our web sites, content and survey services, coordinate content
maintenance services, and provide training or implementation services.
Product Development. Product development expenses consist primarily of salaries and employee
benefits, content acquisition costs before technological feasibility is achieved, costs associated
with the development of content and expenditures associated with maintaining, developing and
operating our training delivery and administration platforms. In addition, product development
expenses are associated with the development of new software features and new products. Personnel
costs within product development include our systems team, product managers, and other personnel
associated with content and product development.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries,
commissions and employee benefits, employee travel and lodging, advertising, trade shows,
promotions, and related marketing costs. Annually, we host a national users’ group in Nashville
known as “The Summit.” Personnel costs within sales and marketing include our sales and marketing
team as well as our account management group. Our account management personnel are working to
ensure our products and services are fully utilized by our customers, as well as supporting the
contract renewal process for existing hospital customers.
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Other General and Administrative Expenses. Other general and administrative expenses consist
primarily of salaries and employee benefits, employee travel and lodging, facility costs, office
expenses, fees for professional services, and other operational expenses. Personnel costs within
general and administrative expenses include individuals associated with normal corporate functions
(accounting, legal, human resources, administrative, internal information systems, and executive
management) as well as accreditation professionals.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization consist of fixed asset depreciation,
amortization of intangibles considered to have definite lives, and amortization of content, license
fees, software features, and royalties paid to content providers that are of a fixed nature.
Other Income/Expense. The primary component of other income is interest income related to interest
earned on cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities. The primary component of
other expense is interest expense related to capital leases.
Executive Summary
The year ended December 31, 2005 included several significant achievements for our Company,
including revenues of approximately $27.4 million, a 36% increase over the prior year and net
income of approximately $1.9 million, or $0.09 per share. We acquired DMR in March 2005 which added
strength to our product offering to healthcare organizations, and contributed approximately $4.5
million, or 16%, of our 2005 revenues. Our flagship product, the Internet-based HealthStream
Learning Center continued to grow, achieving revenue growth of 18% over the prior year. After
paying $9.5 million of cash for DMR including direct, incremental costs associated with the
acquisition, we ended 2005 with approximately $12.2 million in cash, investments in marketable
securities and related interest receivable. Full year 2005 results reflected our first full year of
net income, totaling $1.9 million, or $0.09 per share (basic and diluted).
2005 Compared to 2004
Revenues. Revenues increased approximately $7.3 million, or 36.4%, to $27.4 million for 2005 from
$20.1 million for 2004. Revenues for 2005 consisted of $21.2 million for HCO and $6.2 million for
PMD. In 2004, revenues consisted of $14.0 million for HCO and $6.1 million for PMD.
Revenues for HCO increased approximately $7.2 million, or 51.2%, during 2005 primarily related to
survey and research revenues of $4.5 million resulting from the acquisition of DMR, growth in our
Internet-based HLC subscriber base of $2.0 million, $900,000 from growth in add-on courseware
subscription revenues, and $158,000 from content maintenance services. These HCO revenue increases
were partially offset by declines in revenues from maintenance and support fees associated with our
installed learning management products of $368,000. Our Internet-based HLC subscriber base
increased approximately 13% during 2005, from approximately 1,040,000 fully implemented subscribers
at the end of 2004 to approximately 1,173,000 fully implemented subscribers at the end of 2005. We
expect revenues from our Internet-based HLC, survey and research services, and add-on courseware to
increase in 2006. We expect continued declines in revenues from our installed learning management
products during 2006.
Revenues for PMD increased approximately $143,000, or 2.3%, during 2005, although the mix of
revenues changed. Revenues from live events and online training courseware increased $272,000 and
$391,000, respectively. These revenue increases were partially offset by declines from our
project-based content development services of $527,000. Revenues from our
HospitalDirect® product increased modestly during 2005. We expect that revenues from
HospitalDirect®, online training courseware, and live events will increase during 2006.
We expect revenues from project-based content development services will remain comparable or
decline slightly during 2006 as we work to transition our sales efforts to subscription based
products and other online delivery methodologies.
On a pro forma basis, taking into consideration the effect of the DMR acquisition as if the
acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2004, pro forma revenues for 2005 would have been $28.8
million compared to $25.2 million for 2004.
During 2005, 59.8% of revenues were derived from our Internet-based learning products, 16.4% from
survey and research services, 14.9% from live event development services, 6.5% from content
development and maintenance services, and 2.4% from our installed learning management products.
During 2004, 65.2% of revenues were derived from our Internet-based learning products, 18.9% from
live event development services, 10.7% from content development and maintenance services, and 5.2%
from our installed learning management products.
Cost of Revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization). Cost of revenues increased
approximately $2.5 million, or 33.9%, to $9.8 million for 2005 from $7.3 million for 2004. This
increase is the result of the acquisition of DMR’s survey and research service
business, including personnel and other direct expenses, increased direct expenses associated with
live events, increased royalties paid by us to content partners, and increased hosting expenses.
These expense increases were partially offset by lower direct expenses associated with the decline
in revenues from content development services.
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Cost of revenues for HCO increased approximately $2.7 million, or 93.0%, to $5.5 million for 2005
from $2.8 million for 2004. This increase consisted of incremental personnel and direct costs
associated with DMR’s survey and research services, increases in personnel and contract labor
associated with content maintenance services, an increase in the royalties paid by us to content
partners, as well as increased hosting expenses.
Cost of revenues for PMD decreased approximately $200,000, or 5.2%, to $3.7 million for 2005 from
$3.9 million for 2004. This decrease resulted from lower direct expenses associated with the
decline in revenues from content development services and lower personnel expenses, but was
partially offset by royalties paid by us to content partners.
Cost of revenues for the unallocated corporate functions increased approximately $41,000, or
6.9%, to $626,000 for 2005 from $585,000 for 2004. This increase was associated with increased
personnel expenses. Cost of revenues for our corporate unallocated functions is comprised of
content support personnel who handle loading, updating, maintenance, versioning and support of
content on our Internet-based learning platforms, which serve products within both the HCO and PMD
business units.
Gross Margin (excluding depreciation and amortization). Gross margin (which we define as revenues
less cost of revenues divided by revenues) improved to 64.4% for 2005 from 63.7% during 2004. This
improvement is a result of the change in revenue mix and related cost of revenues discussed above.
Gross margins for HCO were 74.2% and 79.8% for 2005 and 2004, respectively. This decline resulted
from the acquisition of DMR’s survey and research services, which yield lower gross margins than
our Internet-based products. Gross margins for PMD were 41.0% and 36.3% for 2005 and 2004,
respectively. This improvement resulted from the change in revenue mix for PMD noted above. Gross
margins for PMD are lower than HCO due to the higher costs associated with delivering live event
and content development services, and variability of costs associated with project-based services.
Product development. Product development expenses increased approximately $397,000, or 15.7%, to
$2.9 million for 2005 from $2.5 million for 2004. This increase resulted from increased personnel
expenses associated with the DMR acquisition and additional personnel to support and maintain our
Internet-based platform products. Product development efforts for 2005 consisted primarily of new
courseware offerings, development of new software features, and the ongoing maintenance and support
for our Internet-based platform. Product development expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased
as a result of the increased revenues to 10.7% of revenues for 2005 from 12.6% of revenues for
2004. As discussed above, in addition to the expenses incurred, we also capitalized approximately
$900,000 of costs associated with development of content and software features during both 2005 and
2004.
Product development expenses for HCO increased approximately $277,000, or 13.8%, to $2.3 million
for 2005 from $2.0 million for 2004. The increase resulted from additional personnel associated
with the acquisition of DMR. Product development expenses for PMD were comparable for both 2005 and
2004, approximating $388,000 for 2005 and $379,000 for 2004. The unallocated corporate portion of
our product development expenses increased approximately $110,000, or 76.3%, to $255,000 for 2005
from $145,000 for 2004. This increase resulted from time and efforts associated with corporate
oversight and projects that were not specific to either the HCO or PMD business units.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses, including personnel costs, increased
approximately $653,000, or 13.6%, to $5.5 million for 2005 from $4.8 million for 2004, and
approximated 19.9% and 23.9% of revenues for 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase resulted
from additional personnel expenses associated with the acquisition of DMR, increased commission
expense, and increased spending associated with our annual customer conference, The Summit, which
was attended by 540 customer representatives in 2005 compared to approximately 400 in 2004.
Sales and marketing expense for HCO increased approximately $360,000, or 10.1%, to $3.9 million for
2005 from $3.6 million for 2004, and approximated 18.6% and 25.5% of revenues for 2005 and 2004,
respectively. The expense increase is associated with both DMR personnel and increased spending
associated with The Summit. Sales and marketing expense for PMD increased approximately $289,000,
or 28.2%, to $1.3 million for 2005 from $1.0 million for 2004, and approximated 21.1% and 16.9% of
revenues for 2005 and 2004, respectively. This increase for PMD is associated with increases in
sales personnel and related commission expense. Sales and marketing expense for our unallocated
corporate functions was comparable between periods.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased approximately $572,000, or
27.1%, to $2.7 million for 2005 from $2.1 million for 2004. The increase is associated with
amortization of DMR intangible assets, amortization of capitalized content and feature
enhancements, and depreciation of property and equipment.
Other General and Administrative. Other general and administrative expenses increased approximately
$324,000, or 7.0%, to $5.0 million for 2005 from $4.6 million for 2004, and approximated 18.1% and
23.1% of revenues for 2005 and 2004, respectively. This
expense increase resulted primarily from the additional personnel and office expenses associated
with the DMR acquisition, and was partially offset by other corporate expense savings. The decrease
as a percentage of revenues is the result of the increase in revenues.
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Other Income/Expense. Other income/expense increased approximately $96,000, or 39.3%, to $338,000
for 2005 from $242,000 for 2004. This increase resulted from an increase in interest income on
investment in marketable securities, and was partially offset by increased interest expense
associated with capital lease obligations.
Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes for 2005 consists of $21,500 associated
with the federal alternative minimum tax. Taxable income for 2005 was substantially offset by the
utilization of our net operating loss carryforwards.
Net Income (Loss). Net income was $1.9 million for 2005 compared to a net loss of $1.0 million for
2004. The improvement from a net loss in 2004 to net income in 2005 resulted from the increase in
revenues and other factors mentioned above. On a pro forma basis, as if the acquisition of DMR had
occurred on January 1, 2004, pro forma net income would have been $2.4 million and $120,000 for
2005 and 2004, respectively.
2004 Compared to 2003
Revenues. Revenues increased approximately $1.9 million, or 10.2%, to $20.1 million for 2004 from
approximately $18.2 million for 2003. Revenues for 2004 consisted of $14.0 million for HCO and $6.1
million for PMD. In 2003, revenues consisted of $12.0 million for HCO and $6.2 million for PMD. HCO
revenue increases over 2003 resulted from growth in the Internet-based HLC, content maintenance
services and Competency CompassTM product revenues, while revenues associated with our
installed learning management products declined resulting from our transition of customers to our
Internet-based HLC product. Revenues associated with add-on courseware subscriptions also declined
slightly. PMD revenues experienced modest declines during 2004, primarily resulting from lower live
event revenues, which were partially offset by increases in revenues from sales of content
development services.
The Internet-based HLC subscriber base increased approximately 35% during 2004, from approximately
770,000 fully implemented subscribers at the end of 2003, to approximately 1,040,000 fully
implemented subscribers at the end of 2004. This increase contributed to a $2.1 million increase in
HCO revenues, while content maintenance service revenues increased $340,000, and Competency
CompassTM product revenues increased $150,000. These HCO revenue increases were
partially offset by slight declines in add-on courseware subscription revenues. Revenues from
maintenance and support fees associated with our installed learning management products also
declined by $550,000.
The PMD unit experienced a modest decline in revenues during 2004. Revenues from the sales of our
online training and content development services increased $130,000 during 2004. This revenue
increase was offset by a $290,000 decline in live event revenues, in part related to the
pharmaceutical and medical device industry’s cautious response to compliance guidelines issued by
the OIG and AdvaMed, which were effective January 1, 2004. These guidelines placed additional
regulations on the funding of educational programs.
During 2004, 65.2% of revenues were derived from our Internet-based learning products, 18.9% from
live event development services, 10.7% from content development services, and 5.2% from our
installed learning management products. During 2003, 57.2% of revenues were derived from our
Internet-based learning products, 22.5% from live event development services, 11.5% from content
development services and 8.8% from our installed learning management products.
Cost of Revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization). Cost of revenues increased
approximately $1.0 million, or 16.1%, to $7.3 million for 2004 from approximately $6.3 million for
2003. During 2004, we experienced increased personnel expenses, incremental costs associated with
increased content maintenance and content development revenues, and increased royalties paid by us
associated with add-on courseware subscriptions and Competency CompassTM revenues. Most
of the personnel expense increase is associated with our Competency CompassTM and
HospitalDirect® solutions, which were reflected in product development expenses in 2003,
and were reflected in cost of revenues for 2004 because both products were being offered to
customers in 2004. Cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues increased to 36.3% for 2004 from
34.4% for 2003. This increase as a percentage of revenues resulted from increased personnel
expenses and the change in revenue components discussed above.
Cost of revenues for HCO increased approximately $643,000, or 29.4%, to $2.8 million for 2004 from
$2.2 million for 2003, and approximated 20.2% and 18.2% of revenues for 2004 and 2003,
respectively. This increase is a result of expenses associated with Competency CompassTM
personnel, increased hosting costs, and increased royalties related to sales of add-on courseware
and Competency CompassTM. Cost of revenues for PMD increased $297,000, or 8.3%, to $3.9
million in 2004 from $3.6 million in 2003, and approximated 63.7% and 57.8% of revenues for 2004
and 2003, respectively. This increase is a result of expenses associated with
HospitalDirect® personnel and higher contract labor and materials costs associated with
increases in content development revenues.
Cost of revenues for the unallocated corporate functions increased approximately $70,000, or 13.6%,
to $585,000 in 2004 from $515,000 in 2003. This increase was associated with additional personnel
expenses. Cost of revenues for our unallocated corporate functions is comprised of content support
personnel who handle loading, updating, maintenance, versioning and support of content on our
Internet-based learning platforms, which serve products within both the HCO and PMD business units.
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Gross Margin (excluding depreciation and amortization). Gross margin (which we define as revenues
less cost of revenues divided by revenues) declined to 63.7% during 2004 from 65.6% during 2003.
This decline is a result of the change in revenue mix and related cost of revenues discussed above.
Gross margins for HCO were 79.8% and 81.8% for 2004 and 2003, respectively. Gross margins for PMD
were 36.3% and 42.2% for 2004 and 2003, respectively. Gross margins for PMD are lower than HCO due
to the higher costs associated with delivering live event and content development services, and
such costs can vary from project to project.
Product development. Product development expenses decreased approximately $716,000, or 22.1%, to
$2.5 million for 2004 from $3.2 million for 2003, and approximated 12.6% and 17.8% of revenues for
2004 and 2003, respectively. This reduction primarily resulted from lower personnel expenses
partially due to the redesignation of personnel associated with our Competency CompassTM
and HospitalDirect® solutions from product development in 2003 to cost of revenues in
2004. In addition, the continued consolidation of product development efforts resulted in lower
personnel and contract labor expenses during 2004. New product development efforts during 2004 were
focused on software features, and courseware offerings that build upon our core product, the
Internet-based HLC. During 2004, we launched HealthStream Express® (an economy-scaled
version of our Internet-based HLC) and several new courseware offerings to further our penetration
and also expand existing customer relationships. In addition to amounts expensed, we capitalized
approximately $900,000 and $400,000 in 2004 and 2003, respectively, related to content and software
features completed by third parties.
Product development expenses for HCO increased approximately $77,000, or 4.0%, to $2.0 million for
2004 from $1.9 million for 2003, and approximated 14.4% and 16.1% of revenues in 2004 and 2003,
respectively. During 2004, personnel expenses associated with Competency CompassTM were
redesignated to cost of revenues. This shift of expense was offset by increased personnel costs
associated with platform maintenance and development of new software features for our
Internet-based products. Product development expenses for PMD decreased approximately $521,000, or
58.0%, to $379,000 for 2004 from $900,000 for 2003, and approximated 6.2% and 14.6% of revenues for
2004 and 2003, respectively. This decline was associated with the redesignation of personnel
associated with HospitalDirect® to cost of revenues as well as reductions in the
development of other courseware products. The unallocated corporate portion of our product
development expenses decreased approximately $272,000, or 65.3%, to $144,000 in 2004 from $416,000
in 2003. This decline was a result of a shift to more HCO related projects.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses, including personnel costs, increased
approximately $354,000, or 8.0%, to $4.8 million for 2004 from $4.4 million for 2003, and
approximated 23.9% and 24.4% of revenues for 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in the
amount of expenses primarily resulted from increases in personnel, primarily those associated with
account management efforts, and increases in commissions, which were partially offset by lower
advertising and marketing spending. Commission expense increased as a result of changes in
commission plans for 2004. Advertising and marketing spending levels were lower in 2004 due to
changes in marketing initiatives.
Sales and marketing expense for HCO increased approximately $421,000, or 13.4%, to $3.5 million for
2004 from $3.1 million for 2003, and approximated 25.5% and 26.2% of revenues for 2004 and 2003,
respectively. This increase in the amount of expenses is primarily a result of additional account
management personnel and related travel of approximately $500,000. Advertising and marketing
expense, excluding personnel, decreased $100,000 for HCO due to changes in marketing initiatives.
Sales and marketing expense for PMD decreased approximately $89,000 to $1.0 million for 2004 from
$1.1 million for 2003, and approximated 16.9% and 18.0% of revenues for 2004 and 2003,
respectively. PMD experienced higher commission expense in 2004 due to changes in commission plans
for 2004, but was partially offset by reductions in personnel and lower travel. Advertising and
marketing expense, excluding personnel, were comparable between periods for PMD. Sales and
marketing expense for our unallocated corporate functions increased $22,000, and approximated
$210,000 for 2004 and $188,000 for 2003.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased approximately $941,000, or
30.9%, to $2.1 million in 2004 from $3.0 million in 2003. Amortization decreased $0.9 million due
to certain intangible assets and prepaid content development becoming fully amortized. Depreciation
expense levels were comparable between periods.
Other General and Administrative. Other general and administrative expenses decreased approximately
$352,000, or 7.1%, to $4.6 million for 2004 from $5.0 million for 2003, and approximated 23.1% and
27.4% of revenues for 2004 and 2003, respectively. The decrease is a result of lower personnel
expenses as a result of consolidating corporate functions.
Other general and administrative expenses for HCO increase slightly approximating $181,000 for 2004
and $173,000 for 2003, and approximated 1.2% and 1.5% of revenues for 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Other general and administrative expenses for PMD decreased approximately $109,000, to $116,000 for
2004 from $225,000 for 2003, and approximated 1.9% and 3.6% of revenues for
2004 and 2003, respectively. The decrease for PMD resulted from reductions in personnel. Other
general and administrative expenses for the unallocated corporate functions decreased $234,000 to
$4.4 million for 2004 from $4.6 million for 2003. This reduction resulted from lower personnel and
other corporate expenses.
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Other Income/Expense. Other income/expense decreased approximately $145,000, or 37.3%, to $242,000
for 2004 from $387,000 for 2003. The decrease resulted from a reduction of interest income from
investments in marketable securities and due to lower invested balances and lower yield rates.
Net Loss. Net loss decreased approximately $2.4 million, or 69.3%, to a loss of $1.0 million for
2004 from a loss of $3.4 million for 2003, due to the factors mentioned above.
SELECTED QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS
The following tables set forth selected statement of operations data for the eight quarters ended
December 31, 2005 both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenues. The information
for each quarter has been prepared on substantially the same basis as the audited statements
included in other parts of this report and, in our opinion, includes all adjustments, consisting of
only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations
for these periods. You should read this information in conjunction with HealthStream’s Consolidated
Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. The operating
results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
Factors Affecting Quarterly Operating Results
Revenues from our subscription products are recognized ratably over the subscription
term. Revenues from sales of products and services to pharmaceutical and medical device companies
can be subject to seasonal factors resulting from the timing of conferences and live events as well
as drug and product introductions and budget cycles for such companies. DMR’s survey and research
revenues are impacted by seasonal factors resulting from the timing of survey cycles, with the
fourth quarter comprising the highest percentage of annual revenues.
| Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 5,682 | $ | 6,806 | $ | 6,831 | $ | 8,040 | ||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
2,036 | 2,460 | 2,392 | 2,858 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
636 | 743 | 720 | 829 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
1,190 | 1,601 | 1,340 | 1,321 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation |
408 | 402 | 374 | 354 | ||||||||||||
Amortization |
210 | 358 | 278 | 294 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative expenses |
1,156 | 1,272 | 1,245 | 1,285 | ||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
5,636 | 6,836 | 6,349 | 6,941 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
46 | (30 | ) | 482 | 1,099 | |||||||||||
Other income, net |
98 | 68 | 72 | 100 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
144 | 38 | 554 | 1,199 | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
— | 15 | — | 7 | ||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 144 | $ | 23 | $ | 554 | $ | 1,192 | ||||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.05 | ||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
20,686 | 21,054 | 21,212 | 21,253 | ||||||||||||
Diluted |
21,467 | 22,064 | 22,357 | 21,881 | ||||||||||||
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Table of Contents
| Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 4,908 | $ | 4,691 | $ | 5,032 | $ | 5,426 | ||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
1,890 | 1,751 | 1,776 | 1,860 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
647 | 634 | 659 | 591 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
1,157 | 1,205 | 1,101 | 1,336 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation |
314 | 330 | 344 | 378 | ||||||||||||
Amortization |
174 | 175 | 192 | 200 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative expenses |
1,195 | 1,170 | 1,202 | 1,067 | ||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
5,377 | 5,265 | 5,274 | 5,432 | ||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(469 | ) | (574 | ) | (242 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||
Other income, net |
50 | 45 | 65 | 83 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (419 | ) | $ | (529 | ) | $ | (177 | ) | $ | 77 | |||||
Net income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.00 | |||||
Diluted |
$ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | 0.00 | |||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
20,447 | 20,581 | 20,656 | 20,660 | ||||||||||||
Diluted |
20,447 | 20,581 | 20,656 | 21,124 | ||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
| (% of Revenues) | ||||||||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
35.8 | 36.1 | 35.0 | 35.6 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
11.2 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
20.9 | 23.5 | 19.6 | 16.4 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation |
7.2 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 4.4 | ||||||||||||
Amortization |
3.7 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 3.7 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative expenses |
20.3 | 18.7 | 18.2 | 16.0 | ||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
99.2 | 100.4 | 92.9 | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
0.8 | (0.4 | ) | 7.1 | 13.7 | |||||||||||
Other income, net |
1.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
2.5 | 0.6 | 8.1 | 14.9 | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
— | 0.2 | — | 0.1 | ||||||||||||
Net income |
2.5 | 0.4 | 8.1 | 14.8 | ||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | June 30, | September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | |||||||||||||
| (% of Revenues) | ||||||||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
38.5 | 37.3 | 35.3 | 34.2 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
13.2 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 10.9 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
23.6 | 25.7 | 21.9 | 24.6 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation |
6.4 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | ||||||||||||
Amortization |
3.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative expenses |
24.3 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 19.7 | ||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
109.5 | 112.2 | 104.8 | 100.1 | ||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(9.5 | ) | (12.2 | ) | (4.8 | ) | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||
Other income, net |
1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.5 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(8.5 | ) | (11.2 | ) | (3.5 | ) | 1.4 | |||||||||
26
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have financed our operations largely through proceeds from our IPO, private
placements of equity securities, loans from related parties and, to an increasing extent, from
revenues generated from the sale of our products and services.
Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $5.0 million during 2005 compared to
$375,000 during 2004. This improvement resulted from an increase in revenues, including growth in
our historical business and the impact of the acquisition of DMR, and related cash receipts from
customers, as well as receipts of commercial support grants used to support our live event
activities. The primary uses of cash to fund our operations includes personnel expenses, royalty
payments, payments for contract labor and other direct expenses associated with delivery of our
products and services, general corporate expenses, as well as payments associated with content and
feature enhancements. The number of days sales outstanding (DSO) for 2005 was 64 days compared to
72 days for 2004. This improvement resulted from improved cash collections from our HCO customers,
including the impact of the acquisition of DMR, but was partially offset by longer collection
cycles from our PMD customers. The Company calculates DSO by dividing the accounts receivable
balance (excluding unbilled and other receivables) by average daily revenues for the year. Cash
provided by operating activities during 2004 resulted from cash receipts from customers, offset by
cash used to fund operations and purchases of content and feature enhancements.
Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $2.3 million and $1.5 million in 2005 and
2004, respectively. We utilized approximately $9.5 million of cash and investments to purchase DMR
during 2005, which includes direct, incremental expenses associated with the acquisition. Our
capital additions during 2005 and 2004 were primarily comprised of hardware and software to support
the growth of our product infrastructure, primarily our Internet-based learning platform. The
decrease in capital expenditures from $1.6 million during 2004 to $752,000 during 2005 primarily
resulted from adding a second hosting facility during 2004, and fewer asset replacements and
utilization of capital lease arrangements during 2005. We expect that our capital expenditures will
increase during 2006 over levels experienced during 2005.
Cash provided by financing activities was approximately $722,000 and $176,000 during 2005 and 2004,
respectively. The primary sources of cash for both 2005 and 2004 resulted from proceeds associated
with the issuance of common stock from both the exercise of employee stock options and the Employee
Stock Purchase Plan, offset by payments under capital lease obligations. Cash receipts from the
exercise of stock options increased approximately $506,000 during 2005. Cash received from stock
options is dependent on many factors, including our stock price, option exercise prices, and the
option holder’s intent to exercise. Due to these factors we are unable to estimate future proceeds
from stock options.
Our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in marketable securities, and related
interest receivable balances decreased from $16.5 million at December 31, 2004 to $12.2 million at
December 31, 2005. The most significant portion of this decline resulted from $9.5 million paid in
connection with the acquisition of DMR, which was partially offset by approximately $5.0 million of
cash generated from operations, stock option exercises, and employee stock purchase plan activity.
As of December 31, 2005, our primary source of liquidity was $12.2 million of cash and cash
equivalents, restricted cash, investments in marketable securities, and related interest
receivable. We have no bank credit facility or other indebtedness other than capital lease
obligations. As of February 28, 2006, we had cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash,
investments and related interest receivable of approximately $13.5 million. The primary increase in
cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in marketable securities, and related
interest receivable since December 31, 2005 resulted from receipts from customers, net of our
operating expenses and payments to vendors.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in marketable
securities and related interest receivable will be sufficient to meet anticipated cash needs for
working capital, new product development, and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.
As part of our growth strategy, we are actively reviewing possible acquisitions that complement our
products and services. We anticipate that these acquisitions, if any, will be effected through a
combination of stock and cash consideration. We may need to raise additional capital through the
issuance of equity securities or borrow from lenders to finance potential acquisitions. The
issuance of stock as consideration for an acquisition could have a dilutive effect on our stock
price. Failure to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or raise additional capital when
required during or following any potential acquisitions in sufficient amounts and on terms
acceptable to us could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Commitments and Contingencies
We expect that our capital expenditures and content purchases will be approximately $3.5 million in
2006. We expect to fund these capital expenditures with existing cash and investments and from cash
generated from operations. We may enter into capital lease agreements for some of these asset
purchases. From January 1 through February 28, 2006, we had capital expenditures of approximately
$112,000, primarily related to hardware and software additions.
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Our strategic alliances have typically provided for payments to content partners based on revenues
and development partners and other parties based on services rendered. We expect to continue
similar arrangements in the future. We also have commitments for our live event services associated
with securing hotel arrangements, which are typically fully funded from commercial support grants.
In addition to these commitments, we have capital lease obligations and operating lease commitments
for our operating facilities in Nashville, TN, Franklin, TN and Denver, CO, and a facility in
Dallas, TX, which we sublease.
A summary of future anticipated payments for commitments and other contractual obligations are
outlined below:
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| More than 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | years | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Capital lease obligations |
$ | 190,905 | $ | 229,321 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 420,226 | ||||||||||
Operating leases |
911,218 | 1,043,277 | 492,553 | — | 2,447,048 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase commitments |
456,825 | — | — | — | 456,825 | |||||||||||||||
Other contractual obligations |
1,556,674 | — | — | — | 1,556,674 | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3,115,622 | $ | 1,272,598 | $ | 492,553 | $ | — | $ | 4,880,773 | ||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The extent of the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements is described above.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments.” Statement 123(R) supersedes Accounting
Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and requires
companies to recognize compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to
share-based payments, including stock options. The Statement became effective in the first interim
or annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company adopted Statement 123(R)
on January 1, 2006 and implemented it on a modified-prospective basis. We estimate that share-based
compensation expense to be recognized under Statement 123(R) will range between $500,000 and
$700,000 for 2006. Actual share-based compensation expense in 2006 could differ from this estimate
depending on the timing and size of new awards granted, changes in the market price or volatility
of our common stock, changes in risk-free interest rates, or if actual forfeitures vary
significantly from our estimates.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. We do not have any foreign currency
exchange rate risk or commodity price risk. As of December 31, 2005, we had no outstanding
indebtedness other than approximately $382,000 of capital lease obligations. Accordingly, the
Company is not exposed to significant interest rate market risk with respect to liabilities. The
Company is exposed to market risk with respect to its cash and investment balances. At December 31,
2005, the Company had cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in marketable
securities, and related interest receivable totaling approximately $12.2 million. Current
investment rates of return approximate 3-4%. Assuming a 3.5% rate of return on $12.2 million, a
hypothetical 10% decrease in interest rates would decrease interest income and decrease in net
income on an annualized basis by approximately $43,000.
The Company manages its investment risk by investing in corporate debt securities, foreign
corporate debt, secured corporate debt, and municipal debt securities with minimum acceptable
credit ratings. For certificates of deposit and corporate obligations, ratings must be A2/A or
better; A1/P1 or better for commercial paper; A2/A or better for taxable or tax advantaged auction
rate securities and AAA or better for tax free auction rate securities. The Company also requires
that all securities must mature within 24 months from the original settlement date, the average
portfolio shall not exceed 18 months, and the greater of 10% or $5.0 million shall mature within 90
days. Further, the Company’s investment policy also limits concentration exposure and other
potential risk areas. As of December 31, 2005 all of our investments in marketable securities were
in auction rate securities.
The above market risk discussion and the estimated amounts presented are forward-looking statements
of market risk assuming the occurrence of certain adverse market conditions. Actual results in the
future may differ materially from those projected as a result of actual developments in the market.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | ||||
| 30 | ||||
| 31 | ||||
| 32 | ||||
| 33 | ||||
| 34 | ||||
| 35 | ||||
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
HealthStream, Inc.
HealthStream, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of HealthStream, Inc. as of December
31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We
were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test
basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of HealthStream, Inc. at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Nashville, Tennessee
February 17, 2006
February 17, 2006
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HEALTHSTREAM,
INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | |||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 5,726,151 | $ | 2,257,372 | ||||
Investments in short term marketable securities |
6,175,000 | 14,025,000 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
238,538 | 184,041 | ||||||
Interest receivable |
54,524 | 25,899 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $115,090
and $234,167 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively |
4,691,402 | 3,990,590 | ||||||
Accounts receivable — unbilled |
706,011 | 475,463 | ||||||
Prepaid development fees, net of amortization |
684,351 | 542,823 | ||||||
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets |
950,687 | 850,529 | ||||||
Total current assets |
19,226,664 | 22,351,717 | ||||||
Property and equipment: |
||||||||
Equipment |
7,446,451 | 6,402,343 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements |
1,281,460 | 1,267,133 | ||||||
Furniture and fixtures |
1,011,877 | 931,118 | ||||||
| 9,739,788 | 8,600,594 | |||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(7,636,306 | ) | (6,281,311 | ) | ||||
| 2,103,482 | 2,319,283 | |||||||
Goodwill |
10,317,393 | 3,306,688 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $7,247,828
and $6,695,922 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively |
3,264,314 | 166,220 | ||||||
Other assets |
304,287 | 291,779 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 35,216,140 | $ | 28,435,687 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 933,895 | $ | 830,941 | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
1,487,568 | 1,117,367 | ||||||
Accrued compensation and related expenses |
639,468 | 284,301 | ||||||
Registration liabilities |
231,142 | 174,697 | ||||||
Commercial support liabilities |
1,239,124 | 378,893 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
4,502,924 | 3,866,283 | ||||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations |
166,022 | 24,113 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
9,200,143 | 6,676,595 | ||||||
Capital lease obligations, less current portion |
215,856 | 29,428 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
— | — | ||||||
Shareholders’ equity: |
||||||||
Common stock, no par value, 75,000,000 shares authorized;
21,574,904 and 20,667,515 shares issued and outstanding
at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively |
93,799,932 | 91,642,383 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(67,999,791 | ) | (69,912,719 | ) | ||||
Total shareholders’ equity |
25,800,141 | 21,729,664 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
$ | 35,216,140 | $ | 28,435,687 | ||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 27,359,406 | $ | 20,057,308 | $ | 18,195,071 | ||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
9,745,470 | 7,277,173 | 6,267,744 | |||||||||
Product development |
2,928,112 | 2,531,177 | 3,247,246 | |||||||||
Sales and marketing |
5,452,168 | 4,798,687 | 4,444,997 | |||||||||
Depreciation |
1,537,959 | 1,366,216 | 1,371,011 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangibles, content fees, feature enhancements, fixed royalties,
and prepaid compensation |
1,140,481 | 740,542 | 1,676,454 | |||||||||
Other general and administrative expenses |
4,958,508 | 4,634,377 | 4,986,317 | |||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
25,762,698 | 21,348,172 | 21,993,769 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
1,596,708 | (1,290,864 | ) | (3,798,698 | ) | |||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||
Interest and other income |
367,707 | 258,144 | 415,416 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(23,524 | ) | (13,095 | ) | (22,466 | ) | ||||||
Other expense |
(6,463 | ) | (2,565 | ) | (6,286 | ) | ||||||
Total other income (expense) |
337,720 | 242,484 | 386,664 | |||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
1,934,428 | (1,048,380 | ) | (3,412,034 | ) | |||||||
Provision for income taxes |
21,500 | — | — | |||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,912,928 | $ | (1,048,380 | ) | $ | (3,412,034 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | ||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
21,051,373 | 20,585,825 | 20,383,134 | |||||||||
Diluted |
21,942,182 | 20,585,825 | 20,383,134 | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Shareholders’ | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Deficit | Income | Equity | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 |
20,322,687 | $ | 91,223,052 | $ | (65,452,305 | ) | $ | 125,536 | $ | 25,896,283 | ||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | (3,412,034 | ) | — | (3,412,034 | ) | |||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on investments in
marketable securities, net of tax |
— | — | — | (120,061 | ) | (120,061 | ) | |||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
(3,532,095 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
88,319 | 150,360 | — | — | 150,360 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock to
Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
44,740 | 38,029 | — | — | 38,029 | |||||||||||||||
Modification of stock option grant |
— | 5,412 | — | — | 5,412 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 |
20,455,746 | 91,416,853 | (68,864,339 | ) | 5,475 | 22,557,989 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | (1,048,380 | ) | — | (1,048,380 | ) | |||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on investments in
marketable securities, net of tax |
— | — | — | (5,475 | ) | (5,475 | ) | |||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
(1,053,855 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
121,503 | 148,804 | — | — | 148,804 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock to
Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
90,266 | 76,726 | — | — | 76,726 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004 |
20,667,515 | 91,642,383 | (69,912,719 | ) | — | 21,729,664 | ||||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | 1,912,928 | — | 1,912,928 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
344,413 | 654,955 | — | — | 654,955 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock to
Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
83,742 | 159,445 | — | — | 159,445 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in
connection with acquisition |
479,234 | 1,343,149 | — | — | 1,343,149 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
21,574,904 | $ | 93,799,932 | $ | (67,999,791 | ) | $ | — | $ | 25,800,141 | ||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,912,928 | $ | (1,048,380 | ) | $ | (3,412,034 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation |
1,537,959 | 1,366,216 | 1,371,011 | |||||||||
Amortization of intangibles, content fees, feature enhancements, fixed royalties,
and prepaid compensation |
1,140,481 | 740,542 | 1,676,454 | |||||||||
Impairment of capitalized content development fees |
55,000 | — | — | |||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts |
40,000 | 40,000 | 192,500 | |||||||||
Non cash compensation expense |
— | — | 5,412 | |||||||||
Realized loss on disposal of property and equipment |
5,698 | 1,153 | 14,814 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions: |
||||||||||||
Accounts and unbilled receivables |
(524,468 | ) | (1,415,518 | ) | 311,759 | |||||||
Restricted cash |
(54,497 | ) | 539,837 | 111,559 | ||||||||
Interest receivable |
(28,625 | ) | 93,364 | 187,244 | ||||||||
Prepaid development fees |
(564,776 | ) | (582,738 | ) | (269,542 | ) | ||||||
Other prepaid expenses and other current assets |
(189,694 | ) | (127,308 | ) | (246,890 | ) | ||||||
Other assets |
(44,503 | ) | (83,750 | ) | 107,261 | |||||||
Accounts payable |
68,155 | (34,036 | ) | 146,174 | ||||||||
Accrued liabilities and compensation |
475,073 | 260,723 | (802,371 | ) | ||||||||
Registration liabilities |
56,445 | (560,568 | ) | (165,389 | ) | |||||||
Commercial support liabilities |
860,231 | 378,893 | — | |||||||||
Deferred revenue |
427,710 | 807,035 | (286,976 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
5,173,117 | 375,465 | (1,059,014 | ) | ||||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Acquisition, net of cash acquired |
(9,524,076 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Proceeds from maturities and sale of investments in marketable securities |
20,500,000 | 18,951,000 | 13,809,000 | |||||||||
Purchases of investments in marketable securities |
(12,650,000 | ) | (19,077,045 | ) | (13,000,000 | ) | ||||||
Collection of note receivable – related party |
— | 233,003 | — | |||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(752,222 | ) | (1,620,906 | ) | (720,482 | ) | ||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
(2,426,298 | ) | (1,513,948 | ) | 88,518 | |||||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock to Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
159,445 | 76,726 | 38,029 | |||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
654,955 | 148,804 | 150,360 | |||||||||
Payments on capital lease obligations |
(92,440 | ) | (49,482 | ) | (67,717 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
721,960 | 176,048 | 120,672 | |||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
3,468,779 | (962,435 | ) | (849,824 | ) | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
2,257,372 | 3,219,807 | 4,069,631 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 5,726,151 | $ | 2,257,372 | $ | 3,219,807 | ||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |
||||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 23,524 | $ | 13,095 | $ | 22,466 | ||||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | 15,000 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Capital lease obligations incurred |
$ | 420,777 | $ | 62,804 | $ | — | ||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of company |
$ | 1,343,149 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Effects of acquisition: |
||||||||||||
Estimated fair value of tangible assets acquired |
$ | 718,357 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Estimated fair value of liabilities assumed |
(494,026 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Purchase price in excess of net tangible assets acquired |
10,660,705 | — | — | |||||||||
Less fair value of stock issued |
(1,343,149 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Cash paid |
9,541,887 | — | — | |||||||||
Less cash acquired |
(17,811 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Net cash paid for acquisition |
$ | 9,524,076 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Reporting Entity
HealthStream, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in 1990 as a Tennessee corporation and is
headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. We provide Internet-based services and solutions to meet
the ongoing training, information, and education needs of the healthcare community. These
solutions provide, deliver and track computer based education for our customers in the United
States through our application service provider (ASP) products and installed learning management
products. On March 28, 2005, we acquired Data Management & Research, Inc. (DMR), which
provides healthcare organizations a wide range of quality and satisfaction surveys, analyses of
survey results, and other research-based services. We develop, manage, and distribute live,
online and print education and training activities for provider-based healthcare professionals and
physicians as well as online education and training activities for sales representatives, which
are all supported by pharmaceutical and medical device companies.
Business Segments
We operate our business in two segments: 1) services provided to healthcare organizations and
professionals, and 2) services provided to pharmaceutical and medical device companies. Services
to healthcare organizations and professionals include offerings of our Internet-based learning
products, including authoring, survey and research services, maintenance and support of our
installed learning management products, courseware subscriptions, content maintenance, and
competency tools. Our services to pharmaceutical and medical device companies include live and
online educational training activities for healthcare professionals, content development services,
as well as online training for medical industry representatives.
Recognition of Revenue
Revenues are derived from providing services through our Internet-based learning products,
provision of survey and research services, maintenance and support of our installed learning
management products, courseware subscriptions, live event development, content maintenance and
development and other education and training services.
We recognize revenue in accordance with American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 104, “Revenue Recognition,” Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 99-19 “Reporting
Revenue Gross Versus Net,” EITF Issue No. 00-3 “Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2,
Software Revenue Recognition, to Arrangements that Include the Right to Use Software Stored on
Another Entity’s Hardware,” EITF Issue No. 00-21 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”
and other authoritative guidance. This guidance provides that revenue recognized from software and
other arrangements is to be allocated to each element of the arrangement based on the relative
fair values of the elements. While elements include software products and post contract customer
support, fair value of each element is based on objective evidence specific to the vendor. If fair
value cannot be determined for each element of the arrangement, all revenue from the arrangement
is deferred until fair value can be determined or until all elements of the arrangement are
delivered and customer acceptance has occurred. Sales of our Internet-based learning products
include customer support, implementation services, and training; therefore all revenues are
deferred until the Internet-based learning product is implemented, at which time revenues are
recognized ratably over the subscription service period. In the event that circumstances occur,
which give rise to uncertainty regarding the collectibility of contracted amounts, revenue
recognition is suspended until such uncertainty is resolved. Fees for these services are billed on
either a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis.
Revenues derived from the delivery of services through our Internet-based learning products and
courseware subscriptions are recognized ratably over the term of the subscription service
agreement. Software support and maintenance revenues associated with our installed learning
management products are recognized ratably over the term of the related agreement, generally one
year. Other training revenues are generally recognized upon the completion of training.
Revenues recognized from our survey and research services are determined using the proportional
performance method. Revenues are earned over the estimated survey cycle, which typically ranges
from less than one month to up to four months. The survey cycle is generally initiated based on
the receipt of the first survey response and runs through provision of related survey reports to
the customer. All other revenues are recognized as the related services are performed or products
are delivered. Fees for these services are billed upon initiation of the survey cycle, with
progress billings made throughout the survey cycle.
Revenues derived from live event development services are recognized using the proportional performance method based on the completion of
performance milestones. Revenues from content maintenance and
development services are recognized using a percentage of completion
method based on labor hours, which correspond to the completion of
performance milestones and deliverables. All other revenues are recognized as the related services are performed or
products are delivered. Fees for these services are billed at initiation of the project and upon
completion of the project.
35
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries,
all of which are wholly-owned. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year’s financial statements to conform with
the current year presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results
could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the consolidated
financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider cash and cash equivalents to be unrestricted, highly liquid investments with initial
maturities of less than three months.
Restricted Cash
Cash received for registration fees is classified as restricted cash on the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. The use of this cash is restricted because it is held on behalf of
the commercial supporter until services have been rendered, at which time the registration fees
are used to pay certain expenses and fees for conducting those services. Excess registration funds
are typically remitted to the commercial supporter or applied to other projects. Any deficiency in
registration funds is billed to the commercial supporter.
Accounts Receivable-Unbilled and Deferred Revenue
Accounts receivable-unbilled represents revenue earned for contracts accounted for on the
proportional performance basis for which invoices have not been generated or contractual billing
dates have not been reached. Deferred revenue represents amounts, which have been billed or
collected, but not yet recognized in revenue.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts using a specific identification method.
Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts on a case-by-case basis, based on the
facts and circumstances surrounding each potentially uncollectible receivable. An allowance is
also maintained for accounts that are not specifically identified that may become uncollectible in
the future. Uncollectible receivables are written-off in the period management believes it has
exhausted every opportunity to collect payment from the customer. Bad debt expense is recorded
when events or circumstances indicate an additional allowance is required based on our specific
identification approach.
Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts and the amounts charged to bad debt expense were as
follows:
| Allowance Balance at | Charged to Costs and | Allowance Balance at | ||||||||||||||
| Beginning of Period | Expenses | Write-offs | End of Period | |||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
2005 |
$ | 234,167 | $ | 40,000 | $ | 159,077 | $ | 115,090 | ||||||||
2004 |
$ | 278,502 | $ | 40,000 | $ | 84,335 | $ | 234,167 | ||||||||
2003 |
$ | 295,704 | $ | 192,500 | $ | 209,702 | $ | 278,502 | ||||||||
36
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Investments in marketable securities
Investments in marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are stated at fair
market value, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in other comprehensive
income on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses and declines in
market value judged to be other-than-temporary on investments in marketable securities are
included in interest and other income on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends
on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest and other income on the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
The Company invests in auction rate securities, corporate debt securities, foreign corporate debt
and secured corporate debt securities with minimum acceptable credit ratings. The Company
classifies investments in auction rate securities as short-term investments although their
scheduled maturities may be greater than 12 months. This determination is based on management’s
intent of holding such securities for less than 12 months from the current balance sheet date.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated on the basis of cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided
on the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives, except for assets under
capital leases and leasehold improvements, which are amortized over the shorter of the estimated
useful life or their respective lease term.
| Years | ||||
Furniture and fixtures |
5-10 | |||
Equipment |
3-5 | |||
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net tangible assets acquired.
We account for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” We measure goodwill for
impairment at the reporting unit level using a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair
value of the reporting units. We will perform our goodwill impairment test whenever events or
changes in facts or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist, or at least annually during
the fourth quarter each year.
Intangible assets acquired through acquisitions are comprised of content, contract rights,
customer relationships, non-competition agreements and favorable lease rights. As of December 31,
2005 intangible assets with remaining unamortized balances include contract rights, customer
relationships and non-competition agreements recorded in connection with the acquisition of DMR.
Intangible assets are considered to have definite useful lives and are being amortized on a
straight line basis over the expected periods to be benefited, generally three to five years for
content, two to eight years for contract rights, customer lists and customer relationships, six
months to three years for non-competition agreements, and over the lease term for favorable lease
rights. Our weighted average amortization period for definite lived
intangible assets as of December 31, 2005 is 7.7 years. Intangible assets are reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of the assets may not be recoverable.
Long-Lived Assets
We account for assets of a long term nature (“long-lived assets”) in accordance with SFAS No. 144,
“Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” which requires that companies
consider whether events or changes in facts and circumstances, both internally and externally, may
indicate that an impairment of long-lived assets held for use are present. We measure any
impairment at the reporting unit level based on discounted future cash flows from the reporting
unit including the long-lived assets. The cash flow estimates and discount rates incorporate
management’s best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the
date of evaluation. Management periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets,
including property and equipment, other assets and intangible assets. We recorded a $55,000
impairment charge associated with content development fees for the year ended December 31, 2005.
There were no impairments identified or recorded for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.
37
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Other Assets
Other assets are comprised of the long term portion of content development fees and feature
enhancements, and other assets of a long term nature.
Income Taxes
Income taxes have been provided using the liability method in accordance with SFAS No. 109,
“Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of
assets and liabilities measured at tax rates that will be in effect for the year in which the
differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when
necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized.
Commercial Support Liabilities
Commercial support liabilities represent grant funds received from entities supporting educational
activities, such as live events, in which we are the accredited provider. The funds are
unrestricted, and are primarily used to pay for expenses associated with conducting the event.
Advertising
We expense the costs of advertising as incurred in accordance with SOP 93-7, “Reporting on
Advertising Costs.” Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003 was
approximately $123,000, $226,000, and $413,000, respectively.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs that are associated with our products and services are included
in cost of revenues.
Product Development Costs
Product development costs include internal and external costs to develop and convert content for
our Internet-based learning and installed learning management products. We capitalize the cost of
content and features developed by third parties where the life expectancy is greater than one year
and the anticipated cash flows from such content or feature is expected to exceed its cost. During
both 2005 and 2004, we capitalized approximately $900,000 related to third party content and
feature development completed by third parties. Capitalized content development costs are included
in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the captions “prepaid development fees” and
“other assets.” Capitalized feature development costs are included in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets under the captions “other prepaid expenses and other current assets”
and “other assets.” We amortize content and feature development over its expected life, which is
generally one to three years. Content development and feature development costs that have been
capitalized are subject to a periodic impairment review in accordance with our policy.
We account for Web site development costs in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-2 “Accounting for
Web Site Development Costs,” and SOP 98-1 “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use,” which provides guidance on capitalization versus
expensing of costs incurred to develop a Web site. We capitalize costs incurred during the
development phase for such projects when such costs are material. Maintenance and operating costs
are expensed as incurred. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, we had no capitalized internal
development costs for computer software developed for resale. We did not capitalize any internal
Web site development costs during 2005 or 2004, since the costs related to planning or operation
of such products and sites.
38
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
We compute net income (loss) per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.”
Under the provisions of Statement 128, basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing
the net income (loss) available to common shareholders for the period by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is
computed by dividing the net income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common
and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares, composed of
incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants, escrowed or
restricted shares, and shares subject to vesting are included in diluted net income per share to
the extent these shares are dilutive. Common equivalent shares are dilutive when the average
market price during the period exceeds the exercise price of the underlying shares.
Common
equivalent shares that have an anti-dilutive effect on diluted net income (loss) per share have
been excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
We place our temporary excess cash investments in high quality, short-term money market
instruments. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limits.
We sell our learning management systems and other education services to various companies in the
healthcare industry that are located in the United States. We perform ongoing credit evaluations
of our customers’ financial condition and generally require no collateral from customers. We have
one significant customer, HCA, who comprised approximately 14% or $3.9 million, of net revenues
during 2005, approximately 15%, or $2.9 million, of net revenues during 2004, and approximately
15%, or $2.7 million, of net revenues during 2003. The total amounts receivable from HCA at
December 31, 2005 and 2004 were approximately $250,000 and $540,000, respectively.
Stock Based Compensation
We grant stock options for a fixed number of shares to employees and other parties with an
exercise price not less than the fair value of the shares at the grant date. We account for stock
option grants in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25 “Accounting for
Stock Issued to Employees” and related interpretations. Under APB 25, because the exercise price
of our employee stock options is not less than the market price of the underlying stock on the
date of grant, no compensation expense is recorded. To the extent that options are issued to
members of our advisory boards or non-employees, the value of such options is measured in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” We have
disclosed the fair value recognition requirements of SFAS No. 123 and the additional disclosure
requirements as specified in SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and
Disclosure,” which amended SFAS No. 123.
If the alternative method of accounting for stock incentive plans prescribed by Statement 123 had
been followed, our net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share would have been:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) as reported |
$ | 1,912,928 | $ | (1,048,380 | ) | $ | (3,412,034 | ) | ||||
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense
included in reported
net income (loss), net of related taxes |
— | — | 5,412 | |||||||||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation
expense determined under fair value based method
for all awards, net of related tax effects |
(586,804 | ) | (542,560 | ) | (755,905 | ) | ||||||
Pro forma net income (loss) |
$ | 1,326,124 | $ | (1,590,940 | ) | $ | (4,162,527 | ) | ||||
Basic net
income (loss) per share — as reported |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | ||||
Basic net
income (loss) per share — pro forma |
$ | 0.06 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.20 | ) | ||||
Diluted net
income (loss) per share — as reported. |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | ||||
Diluted net
income (loss) per share — pro forma |
$ | 0.06 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.20 | ) | ||||
39
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating fair value for financial
instruments:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: The carrying amounts approximate the fair value
because of the short-term maturity or short-term nature of such instruments.
Accounts receivable, accounts receivable-unbilled, interest receivable, accounts payable, accrued
liabilities and deferred revenue: The carrying amounts, net of any allowance for doubtful
accounts, approximate the fair value because of the short-term nature of such instruments.
Investments in marketable securities: The carrying amounts approximate the fair value based on
quoted market prices.
Newly Issued Accounting Standards
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 123(R),
“Share-Based Payments.” Statement 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees,” and will require companies to recognize compensation expense, using a
fair-value based method, for costs related to share-based payments, including stock options. In
April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission amended the effective date of the Statement to
begin with the first interim or annual reporting period of the first fiscal year beginning on or
after December 15, 2005. The Company adopted Statement 123(R) on January 1, 2006 and implemented
it on a modified-prospective basis. We estimate that share-based compensation expense to be
recognized under Statement 123(R) will range between $500,000 and $700,000 for 2006. Actual
share-based compensation expense in 2006 could differ from this estimate depending on the timing
and size of new awards granted, changes in the market price or volatility of our common stock,
changes in risk-free interest rates, or if actual forfeitures vary significantly from our
estimates.
2. BUSINESS COMBINATION
On March 28, 2005, the Company acquired all of the stock of DMR for approximately $10.7 million,
consisting of $9.1 million in cash and 479,234 shares of our common stock. Of the common stock
portion, 319,489 shares are being held in an escrow account for eighteen months from the
acquisition date, subject to any claims for indemnification pursuant to the stock purchase
agreement. The Company also incurred direct, incremental expenses associated with the acquisition
of approximately $0.4 million. DMR provides healthcare organizations a wide range of quality and
satisfaction surveys, data analyses of survey results, and other research-based measurement tools.
The results of operations for DMR have been included in the Company’s statement of operations,
effective March 29, 2005. The final purchase price allocation is as follows:
Estimated fair value of tangible assets acquired |
$ | 718,357 | ||
Estimated fair value of liabilities assumed |
(494,026 | ) | ||
Purchase price in excess of net tangible assets acquired. |
10,660,705 | |||
Less fair value of stock issued |
(1,343,149 | ) | ||
Cash paid |
9,541,887 | |||
Less cash acquired |
(17,811 | ) | ||
Net cash paid for acquisition |
$ | 9,524,076 | ||
The purchase price in excess of the net tangible assets acquired was allocated as follows:
Goodwill |
$ | 7,010,705 | ||
Customer related intangibles |
$ | 3,400,000 | ||
Non-compete agreement |
$ | 250,000 |
40
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
2. BUSINESS COMBINATION (continued)
The following unaudited pro forma results of operations give effect to the operations of DMR as if
the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2005 and 2004. These unaudited pro forma results of
operations include certain adjustments arising from the acquisition such as owner compensation and
amortization expense. The pro forma results of operations do not purport to represent what the
Company’s results of operations would have been had such transactions in fact occurred at the
beginning of the period presented or to project the Company’s results of operations in any future
period.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | |||||||
Revenue (pro-forma) |
$ | 28,769,609 | $ | 25,229,887 | ||||
Net income (pro-forma) |
$ | 2,400,039 | $ | 120,000 | ||||
Net income per share (pro-forma): |
||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.11 | $ | 0.01 | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.11 | $ | 0.01 | ||||
3. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock
We are authorized to issue up to 75 million shares of common stock. The number of common shares
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 was 21,574,904 and 20,667,515,
respectively.
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue up to 10 million shares of preferred stock in one or more series,
having the relative voting powers, designations, preferences, rights and qualifications,
limitations or restrictions, and other terms as the Board of Directors may fix in providing for
the issuance of such series, without any vote or action of the shareholders. During 2000, all
outstanding shares of preferred stock were converted into common stock in connection with our IPO.
There have been no shares of preferred stock outstanding since our IPO.
Warrants
In connection with a distribution agreement we entered into during 1999, we provided a business
partner with a warrant to purchase 245,032 shares of our common stock at $4.06 per share. The
warrants expire in June 2009. The issuance of the warrants resulted in the recognition of
approximately $748,000 of product development expense in 1999. No part of the 1999 warrant has
been exercised as of December 31, 2005.
4. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 1,912,928 | $ | (1,048,380 | ) | $ | (3,412,034 | ) | ||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||||
Weighted-average shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
21,051,373 | 20,585,825 | 20,383,134 | |||||||||
Employee stock options and escrowed shares |
890,809 | — | — | |||||||||
Diluted |
21,942,182 | 20,585,825 | 20,383,134 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.09 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | ||||
41
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
4. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE (continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003, the calculation of weighted average and
equivalent shares excluded options, warrants, and restricted stock that were anti-dilutive. The
equivalent common shares related to such options, warrants, and restricted stock were 1,447,561 in
2005, 3,048,842 in 2004, and 3,092,978 in 2003.
On February 9, 2006 the Company granted stock options to its management group to purchase up to
250,000 shares at an exercise price of $2.75 per share. These options vest over four years and
expire eight years after issuance.
5. INVESTMENTS IN MARKETABLE SECURITIES
At December 31, 2005, investments in marketable securities, which were all classified as
available-for-sale and considered to be short-term based on management’s intent of holding such
securities for less than 12 months, included the following:
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Losses | Gains | Value | |||||||||||||
Auction Rate Securities |
$ | 6,175,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,175,000 | ||||||||
At December 31, 2004, investments in marketable securities, which were all classified as
available-for-sale, included the following:
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Losses | Gains | Value | |||||||||||||
Auction Rate Securities |
$ | 14,025,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 14,025,000 | ||||||||
The scheduled maturities of the above auction rate securities at December 31, 2005 is shown
below:
Maturing after one but before five years |
$ | 6,175,000 | ||
6. GOODWILL
We account for goodwill under the provisions of Statement 142, which specifies the approach and
timing for evaluating impairment of intangible assets, and also requires that goodwill be tested
for impairment at least annually using a fair value method.
We test goodwill for impairment using a discounted cash flow model. The technique used to
determine the fair value of our reporting units is sensitive to estimates and assumptions
associated with cash flow from operations and its growth, discount rates, and reporting unit
terminal values. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, we may be
required to record additional impairment charges, which could adversely impact our operating
results for the period in which such a determination is made. We perform our annual impairment
evaluation of goodwill during the fourth quarter of each year and as changes in facts and
circumstances indicate impairment exists. During our annual impairment evaluation in the fourth
quarter of 2005 and 2004, the results of our goodwill impairment analysis indicated the fair value
of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values. Therefore no impairment existed at December
31, 2005 and 2004.
On March 28, 2005 we acquired DMR. We recorded goodwill of $7,010,705 in connection with this
acquisition, which will generate deductible amortization for federal income tax purposes. The
changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 are as
follows:
| HCO | PMD | Total | ||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2005 |
$ | 1,982,961 | $ | 1,323,727 | $ | 3,306,688 | ||||||
Changes in carrying value of goodwill |
7,010,705 | — | 7,010,705 | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
$ | 8,993,666 | $ | 1,323,727 | $ | 10,317,393 | ||||||
| HCO | PMD | Total | ||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2004 |
$ | 1,982,961 | $ | 1,323,727 | $ | 3,306,688 | ||||||
Changes in carrying value of goodwill |
— | — | — | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004 |
$ | 1,982,961 | $ | 1,323,727 | $ | 3,306,688 | ||||||
42
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
All intangible assets have been evaluated in accordance with Statement 142 and are considered to
have finite useful lives. The intangibles are being amortized over their estimated useful lives,
ranging from one to eight years. Amortization of intangible assets was approximately $552,000,
$344,000, and $1,140,000, for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Identifiable intangible assets are comprised of the following:
| As of December 31, 2005 | As of December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated | Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amount | Amortization | Net | Gross Amount | Amortization | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
Customer related |
$ | 6,340,000 | $ | (3,262,243 | ) | $ | 3,077,757 | $ | 2,940,000 | $ | (2,940,000 | ) | $ | — | ||||||||||
Content |
3,500,000 | (3,500,000 | ) | — | 3,500,000 | (3,350,000 | ) | 150,000 | ||||||||||||||||
Other |
672,142 | (485,585 | ) | 186,557 | 422,142 | (405,922 | ) | 16,220 | ||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 10,512,142 | $ | (7,247,828 | ) | $ | 3,264,314 | $ | 6,862,142 | $ | (6,695,922 | ) | $ | 166,220 | ||||||||||
Estimated amortization expense for the years ending December 31, is as follows:
2006 |
$ | 508,333 | ||
2007 |
508,333 | |||
2008 |
444,891 | |||
2009 |
425,000 | |||
2010 and thereafter. |
1,377,757 | |||
Total |
$ | 3,264,314 | ||
8. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We have two reportable segments, services provided to healthcare organizations and professionals
(HCO) and services provided to pharmaceutical and medical device companies (PMD). On March 28,
2005, we acquired DMR, a company focused on offering healthcare organizations a wide range of
quality and satisfaction surveys, data analyses of survey results, and other research-based
measurement tools. Accordingly, DMR is included in our HCO business segment. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 1, “Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies.” We believe the accounting policies related to DMR are consistent with
our accounting policies. We manage and operate our business segments based on the markets
they serve and the products and services provided to those markets. Substantially all sales from
both business units during 2005 were made to customers in the United States.
The following is our business segment information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005,
2004 and 2003. We measure segment performance based on operating loss before income taxes and
prior to the allocation of corporate overhead expenses, interest expense, and depreciation.
| Year ended December 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||
| HCO | PMD | Unallocated | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 21,148,413 | $ | 6,210,993 | $ | — | $ | 27,359,406 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding
depreciation and amortization) |
5,453,671 | 3,665,963 | 625,836 | 9,745,470 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
2,285,119 | 388,117 | 254,876 | 2,928,112 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
3,924,604 | 1,312,906 | 214,658 | 5,452,168 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
930,055 | 200,552 | 1,547,833 | 2,678,440 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative |
209,898 | 138,478 | 4,610,132 | 4,958,508 | ||||||||||||
Segment income (loss) from operations |
$ | 8,345,066 | $ | 504,977 | $ | (7,253,335 | ) | $ | 1,596,708 | |||||||
*Segment assets |
$ | 17,440,077 | $ | 4,666,897 | $ | 13,109,166 | $ | 35,216,140 | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
$ | 316,019 | $ | 145,938 | $ | 290,265 | $ | 752,222 | ||||||||
43
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
8. BUSINESS SEGMENTS (continued)
| Year ended December 31, 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
| HCO | PMD | Unallocated | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 13,988,818 | $ | 6,068,490 | $ | — | $ | 20,057,308 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding
depreciation and amortization) |
2,826,444 | 3,865,545 | 585,184 | 7,277,173 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
2,008,007 | 378,569 | 144,601 | 2,531,177 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
3,564,673 | 1,024,406 | 209,608 | 4,798,687 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
338,012 | 402,530 | 1,366,216 | 2,106,758 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative |
173,246 | 115,824 | 4,345,307 | 4,634,377 | ||||||||||||
Segment income (loss) from operations |
$ | 5,078,436 | $ | 281,616 | $ | (6,650,916 | ) | $ | (1,290,864 | ) | ||||||
*Segment assets |
$ | 6,496,190 | $ | 4,254,682 | $ | 17,684,815 | $ | 28,435,687 | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
$ | 608,200 | $ | 340,131 | $ | 672,575 | $ | 1,620,906 | ||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
| HCO | PMD | Unallocated | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 12,016,441 | $ | 6,178,630 | $ | — | $ | 18,195,071 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues (excluding
depreciation and amortization) |
2,183,479 | 3,569,041 | 515,224 | 6,267,744 | ||||||||||||
Product development |
1,930,760 | 900,020 | 416,466 | 3,247,246 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
3,143,444 | 1,113,715 | 187,838 | 4,444,997 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1,211,578 | 432,013 | 1,403,874 | 3,047,465 | ||||||||||||
Other general and administrative |
181,353 | 225,363 | 4,579,601 | 4,986,317 | ||||||||||||
Segment income (loss) from operations |
$ | 3,365,827 | $ | (61,522 | ) | $ | (7,103,003 | ) | $ | (3,798,698 | ) | |||||
*Segment assets |
$ | 5,037,093 | $ | 4,617,845 | $ | 18,743,705 | $ | 28,398,643 | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
$ | 221,837 | $ | 178,561 | $ | 320,084 | $ | 720,482 | ||||||||
| * | Segment assets include restricted cash, accounts and unbilled receivables, prepaid and other current assets, other assets, property and equipment, and intangible assets. Investments in marketable securities and cash and cash equivalents are not allocated to individual segments, and are included within Unallocated. |
9. INCOME TAXES
Income tax provision (benefit) differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory
rate of 34% to the income (loss) before income taxes as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Federal tax provision (benefit) at the statutory rate |
$ | 657,705 | $ | (356,449 | ) | $ | (1,200,912 | ) | ||||
State income tax provision (benefit), net of federal benefit |
80,275 | (39,631 | ) | (114,173 | ) | |||||||
Nondeductible amortization |
— | — | 210,139 | |||||||||
Other |
(32,265 | ) | (94,670 | ) | 69,413 | |||||||
(Decrease) increase in valuation allowance |
(684,215 | ) | 490,750 | 1,035,533 | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
$ | 21,500 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
44
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HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
9. INCOME TAXES (continued)
Deferred federal and state income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the
amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of deferred tax assets are as
follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2005 | 2004 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 43,734 | $ | 88,983 | ||||
Differences related to business combinations |
1,105,153 | 1,353,302 | ||||||
Depreciation |
396,098 | 316,865 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
296,609 | 290,191 | ||||||
Difference related to warrants |
1,227,388 | 1,227,388 | ||||||
Research and development credits |
322,469 | 257,253 | ||||||
Alternative minimum tax credits |
21,500 | — | ||||||
Other |
13,416 | 12,318 | ||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
15,842,174 | 16,264,281 | ||||||
Total deferred tax assets |
19,268,541 | 19,810,583 | ||||||
Less: Valuation allowance |
(19,268,541 | ) | (19,810,583 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax asset |
$ | — | $ | — | ||||
As of
December 31, 2005, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of
$42,622,680 and $33,761,558, respectively. These losses will expire in years 2012 through 2024. As
of December 31, 2005, $1,927,644 of our net operating loss carryforwards is attributable to the
exercise of stock options, and if realized the tax benefit will be recorded as an increase to
additional paid-in capital. Our net operating loss carryforwards are subject to annual limitations
under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The annual limitations could result in the expiration of
the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before they are fully utilized. During the
year, the valuation allowance decreased by $542,042, which was
comprised of a $684,215 decrease related to
current taxes and an increase of $142,173 related to the exercise of stock options.
We have research and development tax credit carryforwards of $322,469 that expire in varying
amounts through 2024. We have alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $21,500 that are
available to offset future regular tax liabilities and they do not expire.
We have established a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
due to the uncertainty of realizing these assets in the future. Federal income tax payments of
$15,000, $-0-, and $-0- were made during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003,
respectively. There were no state income taxes payments made during the years ended December 31,
2005, 2004, and 2003.
10. STOCK OPTION PLAN
Our 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (2000 Plan) and 1994 Employee Stock Option Plan (1994 Plan)
(the 2000 Plan and the 1994 Plan are collectively referred to as “the Plan”) authorize the grant
of options or other forms of stock-based compensation to employees, officers, directors, and
others and such grants must be approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
The terms of both plans are substantially similar. Options granted under the Plan have terms of no
more than ten years with certain restrictions. The Plan allows the Board of Directors to determine
the vesting period of each grant. The vesting period of the options granted ranges from immediate
vesting (generally associated with professional consulting boards and directors’ options), to
annual vesting over four years, beginning one year after the grant date (generally for employee
and officer options). In connection with the 2000 Plan, 5,000,000 shares have been reserved for
issuance, bringing the total shares reserved for issuance through the Plan to 9,000,000 shares.
During 2002, the 1994 Plan was amended to exclude forfeited shares from shares available for
future grants. This amendment reduced the number of shares available for future grants by
1,977,482 through December 31, 2005.
45
Table of Contents
HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
10. STOCK OPTION PLAN (continued)
The weighted average fair value of options granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes method.
The weighted average assumptions used for these estimates include:
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
3.77 - 4.45 | % | 2.50-3.50 | % | 2.50 | % | ||||||
Expected dividend yield |
0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||||||
Expected life (in years) |
5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
Volatility |
75 | % | 75 | % | 60 | % | ||||||
The estimated weighted average fair values of options granted during 2005, 2004 and 2003 using the
above pricing models were $2.00, $1.60, and $0.93, respectively.
A progression of activity and various other information relative to stock options is presented in
the table below.
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted- | Weighted- | Weighted- | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | Average | Common | Average | Common | Average | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Exercise Price | Shares | Exercise Price | Shares | Exercise Price | |||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding
— beginning of period |
2,813,810 | $ | 3.27 | 2,840,880 | $ | 3.28 | 2,987,380 | $ | 3.69 | |||||||||||||||
Granted |
438,000 | 3.10 | 460,000 | 2.59 | 605,000 | 1.40 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(344,413 | ) | 1.90 | (121,503 | ) | 1.22 | (88,319 | ) | 1.70 | |||||||||||||||
Expired |
(17,616 | ) | 1.77 | (19,008 | ) | 5.86 | (140,683 | ) | 5.12 | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(95,366 | ) | 3.76 | (346,559 | ) | 3.03 | (522,498 | ) | 3.17 | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding
— end of period |
2,794,415 | $ | 3.41 | 2,813,810 | $ | 3.27 | 2,840,880 | $ | 3.28 | |||||||||||||||
Exercisable at end of period |
1,886,164 | $ | 3.83 | 1,993,435 | $ | 3.81 | 1,872,299 | $ | 3.91 | |||||||||||||||
Shares of
common stock available for future grants under the Plan totaled 2,441,793 at December
31, 2005. Weighted average exercise prices per share and various other information for options
outstanding at December 31, 2005 are segregated into ranges as follows:
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted Average | Weighted Average | Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of | Exercise Price | Remaining | Number of | Exercise Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Range of Exercise Price | Shares | Per Share | Contractual Life | Shares | Per Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 0.54 | – | $ | 1.19 | 195,000 | $ | 1.10 | 3.7 | 192,500 | $ | 1.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1.20 | – | $ | 2.38 | 983,250 | 1.64 | 3.9 | 725,249 | 1.73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 2.39 | – | $ | 3.57 | 777,000 | 2.94 | 6.7 | 129,250 | 2.76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 3.58 | – | $ | 4.76 | 323,750 | 4.06 | 1.7 | 323,750 | 4.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 4.77 | – | $ | 5.95 | 69,000 | 5.42 | 2.5 | 69,000 | 5.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 5.96 | – | $ | 7.13 | 224,775 | 6.49 | 2.0 | 224,775 | 6.49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 8.33 | – | $ | 9.50 | 77,595 | 8.95 | 3.8 | 77,595 | 8.95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 9.51 | – | $ | 10.70 | 75,850 | 10.00 | 2.2 | 75,850 | 10.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 10.71 | – | $ | 11.89 | 68,195 | 11.89 | 2.2 | 68,195 | 11.89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,794,415 | $ | 3.41 | 3.2 | 1,886,164 | $ | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
401(k) Plan
We have a defined-contribution employee benefit plan (401(k) Plan) incorporating provisions of
Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Our employees must have attained the age of 21 and
have completed thirty days of service to be eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. Under the
provisions of the 401(k) Plan, a plan member may make contributions, on a tax-deferred basis, not
to exceed 15% of compensation, subject to IRS limitations. The Company provided eligible employees
with a discretionary contribution totaling approximately $73,000 for the year ended December 31,
2004. The Company did not provide a discretionary contribution for the year ended December 31,
2005. The Company has not provided matching contributions through December 31, 2005.
46
Table of Contents
HEALTHSTREAM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
11. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (continued)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Purchase Plan) incorporates the provisions of Section 423 of the
Internal Revenue Code. Under the Purchase Plan, 1,000,000 shares of common stock have been
reserved for purchase by employees. The Purchase Plan provides for annual offer periods of twelve
months to eligible employees. Under the Purchase Plan, eligible employees can purchase through
payroll deductions, the lesser of up to 15% of their eligible base compensation or 2,500 shares of
common stock, at a price equivalent to 85% of the lesser of the beginning or end of year price.
During 2005, 83,742 shares were purchased under the plan at $1.90 per share, and during 2004,
90,266 shares were purchased under the plan at $0.85 per share.
12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease Commitments
We lease office facilities in Nashville, TN, Franklin, TN, Denver, CO, and Dallas, TX, under
agreements that expire before or during April 2010. The Dallas, TX facility is subleased to a
third party through the expiration of the original lease, which ends January 2007. Some lease
agreements contain provisions for escalating rent payments over the initial terms of the lease. We
account for these leases by recognizing rent expense on the straight-line basis and adjusting the
deferred rent expense liability for the difference between the straight-line rent expense and the
amount of rent paid. The Company also leases certain office equipment under both operating and
capital leases. Total rent expense under all operating leases was approximately $895,000,
$723,000, and $650,000, for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. We
also lease certain computer equipment from third parties which are accounted for as capital
leases.
Future rental payment commitments at December 31, 2005 under capital and non-cancelable operating
leases, with initial terms of one year or more, are as follows:
| Capital Leases | Operating Leases | |||||||
2006 |
$ | 190,905 | $ | 839,482 | ||||
2007 |
159,758 | 594,373 | ||||||
2008 |
69,563 | 442,927 | ||||||
2009 |
— | 376,145 | ||||||
2010 |
— | 116,407 | ||||||
Total minimum lease payments |
420,226 | $ | 2,369,334 | |||||
Less amounts representing interest |
(38,348 | ) | ||||||
Present value of minimum lease payments (including $166,022 classified as current) |
$ | 381,878 | ||||||
Sublease rental income related to the Dallas, TX facility was approximately $78,000 in 2005 and
$73,500 in 2004. Future operating lease commitments listed in the above table have been reduced by
sublease income of approximately $71,700 in 2006 and by $6,000 in 2007.
The carrying value of assets under capital leases, which are included with owned assets in the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets was $375,516 and $54,962 at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
respectively. Amortization of the assets under the capital leases is included in depreciation
expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Litigation
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our
business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate liability with respect to those proceedings
and claims will not materially affect our financial position, operations or liquidity.
47
Table of Contents
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Controls and Procedures
HealthStream’s chief executive officer and principal financial officer have reviewed and evaluated
the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”))
as of December 31, 2005. Based on that evaluation, the chief executive officer and principal
financial officer have concluded that HealthStream’s disclosure controls and procedures were
effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports the
Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported
within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and
the information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the
Exchange Act was accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal
executive and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in HealthStream’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the fourth quarter of 2005 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to
materially affect, HealthStream’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Information as to directors of the Company is incorporated by reference from the information
contained in our proxy statement for the 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders that we will file with
the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year to which this
report relates. Pursuant to General Instruction G(3), certain information concerning executive
officers of the Company is included in Part I of this Form 10-K, under the caption “Executive
Officers of the Registrant.”
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Incorporated by reference from the information contained in our proxy statement for the 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders that we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120
days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Incorporated by reference from the information contained in our proxy statement for the 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders that we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120
days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Incorporated by reference from the information contained in our proxy statement for the 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders that we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120
days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Incorporated by reference from the information contained in our proxy statement for the 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders that we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120
days of the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
48
Table of Contents
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements
Reference is made to the financial statements included in Item 8 to this Report on Form 10-K.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the notes thereto.
(a)(3) Exhibits
| Number | Description | |
*2.1
|
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated July 23, 1999, among SilverPlatter Education, Inc., SilverPlatter Information, Inc. and HealthStream, Inc. | |
*2.2
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 5, 2000, among HealthStream, Inc., HealthStream Acquisition I, Inc., Quick Study, Inc. and each shareholder of Quick Study, Inc. | |
*2.3
|
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 16, 1999, among KnowledgeReview, LLC, Louis Bucelli and Maksim Repik, and HealthStream, Inc. | |
*2.4
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 25, 2000 among HealthStream, Inc., HealthStream Acquisition II, Inc., Multimedia Marketing, Inc., and the stockholders of Multimedia Marketing, Inc. | |
*2.5
|
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated January 27, 2000, between Emergency Medicine Internetwork, Inc. and HealthStream, Inc. | |
2.6 (1)
|
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2005, by and among HealthStream, Inc., Mel B. Thompson and Data Management & Research, Inc. | |
*3.1
|
Form of Fourth Amended and Restated Charter of HealthStream, Inc. | |
*3.2
|
Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of HealthStream, Inc. | |
*4.1
|
Form of certificate representing the common stock, no par value per share, of HealthStream, Inc. | |
4.2
|
Article 7 of the Fourth Amended and Restated Charter — included in Exhibit 3.1 | |
4.3
|
Article II of the Amended and Restated Bylaws — included in Exhibit 3.2 | |
*4.4
|
Warrant to purchase common stock of HealthStream, Inc., dated June 14, 1999, held by GE Medical Systems. | |
*4.6
|
Common Stock Purchase Agreement between HealthStream, Inc. and Healtheon/WebMD Corporation | |
*10.1^
|
1994 Employee Stock Option Plan, effective as of April 15, 1994 | |
*10.2^
|
2000 Stock Incentive Plan, effective as of April 10, 2000 | |
*10.3^
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement | |
*10.4^
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated April 21, 1999, between HealthStream, Inc. and Robert A. Frist, Jr. | |
*10.5
|
Lease dated March 27, 1995, as amended June 6, 1995 and September 22, 1998, between Cummins Station LLC, as landlord, and NewOrder Media, Inc., as tenant | |
*+10.6
|
Development and Distribution Agreement between HealthStream, Inc. and GE Medical Systems | |
*+10.7
|
Education Services Provider Agreement dated October 1, 2001 between HealthStream, Inc. and HCA Information Technology & Services, Inc. | |
*^10.8
|
Form of Employee Stock Purchase Plan | |
^10.9
|
Form of Director Stock Option Agreement | |
^10.10
|
Form of Employee and Executive Officer Stock Option Agreement | |
^10.11
|
Form of Cash Bonus Plan | |
21.1
|
Subsidiaries of HealthStream, Inc. | |
23.1
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
31.1
|
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2
|
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1
|
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2
|
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| + | Confidential treatment was received, with respect to certain portions of this document. Such portions were omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. | |
| * | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-88939). | |
| ^ | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement | |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference from exhibit filed on our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2005. |
49
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized on this 30th day of March 2006.
| HEALTHSTREAM, INC. | ||||||
| By: | /s/ Robert A. Frist, Jr.
|
|||||
| Robert A. Frist, Jr. |
||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by
the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| Signature | Title(s) | Date | ||
/s/ Robert A. Frist, Jr.
|
President, Chief Executive Officer and | March 30, 2006 | ||
Robert A. Frist, Jr.
|
Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
/s/ Arthur E. Newman
|
Senior Vice-President and Chief Financial | March 30, 2006 | ||
Arthur E. Newman
|
Officer, Compliance Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||
/s/ Susan A. Brownie
|
Senior Vice-President of Finance and Human Resources, | March 30, 2006 | ||
Susan A. Brownie
|
Corporate Secretary (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
/s/ Jeffrey L. McLaren
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
Jeffrey L. McLaren |
||||
/s/ James Daniell
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
James Daniell |
||||
/s/ William Stead
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
William Stead |
||||
/s/ Thompson Dent
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
Thompson Dent |
||||
/s/ Linda Rebrovick
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
Linda Rebrovick |
||||
/s/ Frank Gordon
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
Frank Gordon |
||||
/s/ Ron Hinds
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
Ron Hinds |
||||
/s/ Michael Shmerling
|
Director | March 30, 2006 | ||
Michael Shmerling |
50
Table of Contents
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| Exhibit | ||
| Number | Description | |
*2.1
|
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated July 23, 1999, among SilverPlatter Education, Inc., SilverPlatter Information, Inc. and HealthStream, Inc. | |
*2.2
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 5, 2000, among HealthStream, Inc., HealthStream Acquisition I, Inc., Quick Study, Inc. and each shareholder of Quick Study, Inc. | |
*2.3
|
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 16, 1999, among KnowledgeReview, LLC, Louis Bucelli and Maksim Repik, and HealthStream, Inc. | |
*2.4
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 25, 2000 among HealthStream, Inc., HealthStream Acquisition II, Inc., Multimedia Marketing, Inc., and the stockholders of Multimedia Marketing, Inc. | |
*2.5
|
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated January 27, 2000, between Emergency Medicine Internetwork, Inc. and HealthStream, Inc. | |
2.6 (1)
|
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 28, 2005, by and among HealthStream, Inc., Mel B. Thompson and Data Management & Research, Inc. | |
*3.1
|
Form of Fourth Amended and Restated Charter of HealthStream, Inc. | |
*3.2
|
Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of HealthStream, Inc. | |
*4.1
|
Form of certificate representing the common stock, no par value per share, of HealthStream, Inc. | |
4.2
|
Article 7 of the Fourth Amended and Restated Charter — included in Exhibit 3.1 | |
4.3
|
Article II of the Amended and Restated Bylaws — included in Exhibit 3.2 | |
*4.4
|
Warrant to purchase common stock of HealthStream, Inc., dated June 14, 1999, held by GE Medical Systems. | |
*4.6
|
Common Stock Purchase Agreement between HealthStream, Inc. and Healtheon/WebMD Corporation | |
*10.1^
|
1994 Employee Stock Option Plan, effective as of April 15, 1994 | |
*10.2^
|
2000 Stock Incentive Plan, effective as of April 10, 2000 | |
*10.3^
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement | |
*10.4^
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated April 21, 1999, between HealthStream, Inc. and Robert A. Frist, Jr. | |
*10.5
|
Lease dated March 27, 1995, as amended June 6, 1995 and September 22, 1998, between Cummins Station LLC, as landlord, and NewOrder Media, Inc., as tenant | |
*+10.6
|
Development and Distribution Agreement between HealthStream, Inc. and GE Medical Systems | |
*+10.7
|
Education Services Provider Agreement dated October 1, 2001 between HealthStream, Inc. and HCA Information Technology & Systems, Inc. | |
*^10.8
|
Form of Employee Stock Purchase Plan | |
^10.9
|
Form of Director Stock Option Agreement | |
^10.10
|
Form of Employee and Executive Officer Stock Option Agreement | |
^10.11
|
Form of Cash Bonus Plan | |
21.1
|
Subsidiaries of HealthStream, Inc. | |
23.1
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
31.1
|
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2
|
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1
|
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2
|
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| + | Confidential treatment was received with respect to certain portions of this document. Such portions were omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. | |
| * | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-88939). | |
| ^ | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement |
|
| (1) | Incorporated by reference from exhibit filed on our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2005. |
EXHIBIT 10.9 FORM OF DIRECTOR STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT HEALTHSTREAM, INC. 2000 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN OPTION GRANTED THIS ____ DAY OF ______, 200__ ("GRANT DATE") BY HEALTHSTREAM, INC. (THE "COMPANY") TO Optionee (THE "DIRECTOR"). 1. Stock Option. The Company hereby grants to the Director an option (the "Option") to purchase up to ______ shares of the common stock of the Company, no par value, to be issued upon the exercise of the Option, in the manner hereafter set forth, fully paid and nonassessable. This Option is being granted under the provisions of the Company's 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), which are incorporated herein by reference. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. 2. Time of Exercise. This Option shall be exercisable and have a term as follows: (a) This Option shall expire on the tenth anniversary of the Grant Date. (b) One hundred percent (100%) of the shares granted under this Option shall vest and become exercisable on the Grant Date. (c) This Option shall be exercisable only in the lesser of round lots of One Hundred (100) shares or the total number of shares remaining under this Grant. 3. Purchase Price. The purchase price per share shall be _____, being not less than the fair market value of the common stock as of the Grant Date. 4. Rights as a Shareholder. The Director shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to any shares covered by this Option until the Director has given written notice of exercise, has paid in full for such shares and taken such other actions as may be required by the Committee in accordance with the provisions of the Plan. No adjustment shall be made for dividends for which the record date is prior to the date of issuance of such stock certificate. HEALTHSTREAM, INC. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ The undersigned: (a) Acknowledges receipt of the foregoing Option and the attachments referenced therein and understands that all rights and liabilities with respect to this Option and the Plan; and (b) Acknowledges that as of the date of grant of this Option, it sets forth the entire understanding between the undersigned Director and the Company and its Affiliates regarding the acquisition of stock in the Company pursuant to this grant and supersedes all prior oral and written agreements on that subject. _____________________________________ OPTIONEE
EXHIBIT 10.10 FORM OF EMPLOYEE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICER STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT HEALTHSTREAM, INC. 2000 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN OPTION GRANTED THIS ____ DAY OF ______, 200__ ("GRANT DATE") BY HEALTHSTREAM, INC. (THE "COMPANY") TO Optionee (THE "EMPLOYEE"). 1. Stock Option. The Company hereby grants to the Employee an option (the "Option") to purchase up to _____ shares of the common stock of the Company, no par value, to be issued upon the exercise of the Option, in the manner hereafter set forth, fully paid and nonassessable. This Option is being granted under the provisions of the Company's 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), which are incorporated herein by reference. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. 2. Time of Exercise. This Option shall be exercisable and have a term as follows: (a) This Option shall expire on the eighth anniversary of the Grant Date. (b) One fourth (1/4) of the shares granted under this Option shall vest and become exercisable on the first anniversary of the Grant Date. (c) One half (1/2) of the shares granted under this Option shall vest and become exercisable on the second anniversary of the Grant Date. (d) Three fourths (3/4) of the shares granted under this Option shall vest and become exercisable on the third anniversary of the Grant Date. (e) The remaining one fourth (1/4) of the shares granted under this Option shall vest and become exercisable on the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date. (f) This Option shall be exercisable only in the lesser of round lots of One Hundred (100) shares or the total number of shares remaining under this Grant. 3. Purchase Price. The purchase price per share shall be _______, being not less than the fair market value of the common stock as of the Grant Date. 4. Rights as a Shareholder. The Employee shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to any shares covered by this Option until the Employee has given written notice of exercise, has paid in full for such shares and taken such other actions as may be required by the Committee in accordance with the provisions of the Plan. No adjustment shall be made for dividends for which the record date is prior to the date of issuance of such stock certificate. HEALTHSTREAM, INC. _______________________________ _______________________________ The undersigned: (a) Acknowledges receipt of the foregoing Option and the attachments referenced therein and understands that all rights and liabilities with respect to this Option and the Plan; and (b) Acknowledges that as of the date of grant of this Option, it sets forth the entire understanding between the undersigned Employee and the Company and its Affiliates regarding the acquisition of stock in the Company pursuant to this grant and supersedes all prior oral and written agreements on that subject. _______________________________ OPTIONEE
EXHIBIT 10.11 FORM OF CASH BONUS PLAN HEALTHSTREAM, INC. Methodology The primary financial measurement underlying our cash bonus plan will be EBITDA. This measure is intended to allow for comparability between periods and generally will exclude the impact of non-cash items or accounting changes. If net revenues are less than 95% of budgeted revenues, management will reduce the bonus calculations by 5-10 % depending on the extent and circumstances of the unfavorable variance. Only non-commissioned employees are eligible for participation in the cash bonus plan. Method of Bonus Calculation The calculation is based on the employee's level and role within the company. Bonus amounts shall be adjusted to reflect movement from commissioned to non-commissioned roles, as well as leave of absences, employment for less than the entire year or other changes in roles and responsibilities. Participant Level descriptions and participation Once results have exceeded budgeted EBITDA results, bonuses will begin to be earned. Calculations by participant shall be subject to the following levels and participation: Level 1- Includes all positions within the company that generally don't have managerial responsibilities as a component of their job description (up to 10% of base compensation) Level 2- Includes positions that have supervisory and/or project responsibilities and have the title of Manager (up to 15% of base compensation) Level 3- Includes Business Directors and Vice Presidents (up to 20% of base compensation) Level 4- Includes the CEO and Senior Vice Presidents (up to 25% of base compensation) Bonus Amount - Any payout over the budgeted EBITDA target will be self-funding (that is to say, bonus payout would represent only a portion of the incremental EBITDA achievement over budget). Timing - The Plan will run from January 1 through December 31. A summary of the plan shall be provided to all employees explaining the plan. Administration - The plan shall be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Payout - On or about March 15 of the following year, contingent upon employment on the payment date. Management has been granted discretion with regard to timing of payment for up to 75% of any bonus earned during the first half of the year for Level 1 and 2 employees.
. . . EXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF HEALTHSTREAM, INC. State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Names Under Which We Do Business Organization - -------------------------------- --------------------------- Education Design, Inc. Tennessee Data Management & Research, Inc. Tennessee
EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-37440) pertaining to the (1) HealthStream, Inc. 1994 Employee Stock Option Plan; (2) HealthStream, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan; and (3) HealthStream, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, of our report dated February 17, 2006, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of HealthStream, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2005. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Nashville, Tennessee March 28, 2006
EXHIBIT 31.1 CERTIFICATION I, Robert A. Frist, Jr., certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of HealthStream, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 30, 2006 /s/ ROBERT A. FRIST, JR. ---------------------------- Robert A. Frist, Jr. Chief Executive Officer
EXHIBIT 31.2 CERTIFICATION I, Arthur E. Newman, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of HealthStream, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and c) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 30, 2006 /s/ ARTHUR E. NEWMAN ------------------------------- Arthur E. Newman Chief Financial Officer
EXHIBIT 32.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of HealthStream, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2005, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), Robert A. Frist, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ ROBERT A. FRIST, JR. - ----------------------------- Robert A. Frist, Jr. Chief Executive Officer March 30, 2006
EXHIBIT 32.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of HealthStream, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2005, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), Arthur E. Newman, Chief Financial Officer of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ ARTHUR E. NEWMAN - --------------------------- Arthur E. Newman Chief Financial Officer March 30, 2006